Differences between respondents and nonrespondents in a multicenter community-based study vary by gender and ethnicity

Jackson, Rod; Chambless, Lloyd E.; Yang, Kiduk; Byrne, Tom; Watson, Robert I.; Folsom, Aaron R.; Shahar, Eyal; Kalsbeek, William D.

doi:10.1016/0895-4356(95)00047-x

Cited by 297 publications

(228 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Therefore, the current study overrepresents non-Hispanic whites not only compared with the US population, but also compared with rheumatology practice. These findings are characteristic of survey research and medical care, since minorities are less likely to seek specialist care (27)(28)(29)(30) and to participate in studies (31)(32)(33)(34). It should also be noted that fewer persons in our cohort than in the US population did not complete high school (11.7% versus 15.9%).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

Tuberculosis infection in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and the effect of infliximab therapy

Wolfe¹,

Michaud²,

Anderson³

et al. 2004

Arthritis & Rheumatism

390

189

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Objective. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the 1999 and 2000 incidence rates for tuberculosis (TB) in the US population were 6.4 and 5.8, respectively, per 100,000 persons. Recently, reports of TB following infliximab administration have raised questions regarding the rate of TB in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) generally and in those treated with infliximab in clinical practice. We undertook this study to determine the baseline rate of TB in RA prior to the introduction of infliximab and to determine the rate of TB among those currently receiving infliximab.Methods. We surveyed patients with questionnaires, followed by detailed validation from medical records and physician reports. In study 1, we evaluated 10,782 RA patients in 1998-1999 prior to the widespread use of infliximab. In study 2, we evaluated 6,460 infliximab-treated patients in 2000-2002.Results. In study 1, the lifetime rate of TB was 696 per 100,000 patients (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 547-872). Of these cases, 76.8% occurred prior to the onset of RA. During the period of prospective followup, 1 case of TB developed during 16,173 patient-years of followup, yielding a rate of 6.2 cases (95% CI 1.6-34.4) per 100,000 patients. In study 2, the TB incidence rate among infliximab-treated patients was 52.5 cases (95% CI 14.3-134.4) per 100,000 patient-years of exposure. Three of the 4 cases occurred in patients with a history of TB exposure, and no cases occurred in persons with recent TB skin tests or prophylaxis. Conclusion.The rate of TB is not increased in RA patients generally. Among infliximab-treated patients, the rate is 52.5 cases (95% CI 14.3-134.4) per 100,000 patient-years of exposure. A thorough medical history regarding TB, as well as tuberculin testing and radiographic examination (if indicated), should be an essential component of anti-tumor necrosis factor therapy.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

Tuberculosis infection in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and the effect of infliximab therapy

Wolfe¹,

Michaud²,

Anderson³

et al. 2004

Arthritis & Rheumatism

390

189

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“…Participants have been followed for >2 decades 19, 20, 21. The original ARIC Study protocol included physical examinations, medical interviews, and laboratory tests.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Trained study personnel collected data at baseline using standardized protocols with extensive quality control measures 19, 20, 21. Covariates were selected a priori to examine the independent association between OH and CVD 28, 29, 31.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Orthostatic Hypotension and Risk of Clinical and Subclinical Cardiovascular Disease in Middle‐Aged Adults

Juraschek

Daya

Appel

et al. 2018

JAHA

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BackgroundAlthough orthostatic hypotension (OH) is a well‐recognized manifestation of neuropathy and hypovolemia, its contribution to cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk is controversial.Methods and ResultsParticipants with OH, defined as a decrease in blood pressure (systolic ≥20 mm Hg or diastolic ≥10 mm Hg) from the supine to standing position, were identified during the first visit of the ARIC (Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities) Study (1987–1989) within 2 minutes of standing. All participants were followed up for the development of myocardial infarction, heart failure, stroke, fatal coronary heart disease (CHD), any CHD (combination of silent, nonfatal, and fatal CHD or cardiac procedures), and all‐cause mortality. Participants were assessed for carotid intimal thickness and plaque during the first visit. Detectable high‐sensitivity troponin T (≥5 ng/L) and elevated NT‐proBNP (N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide; ≥100 pg/mL) were determined in blood collected during the second visit (1990–1992). All associations were adjusted for known CVD risk factors. In 9139 participants (57% women; 23% black; mean age, 54±5.7 years), 3% had OH. During follow‐up (median, 26 years), OH was associated with myocardial infarction (hazard ratio [HR], 1.88; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.44–2.46), congestive heart failure (HR, 1.65; 95% CI, 1.34–2.04), stroke (HR, 1.83; 95% CI, 1.35–2.48), fatal CHD (HR, 2.77; 95% CI, 1.93–3.98), any CHD (HR, 2.00; 95% CI, 1.64–2.44), and all‐cause mortality (HR, 1.68; 95% CI, 1.45–1.95). OH was also associated with carotid intimal thickness (β, 0.05 mm; 95% CI, 0.04–0.07 mm), carotid plaque (odds ratio, 1.51; 95% CI, 1.18–1.93), detectable high‐sensitivity troponin T (odds ratio, 1.49; 95% CI, 1.16–1.93), and elevated NT‐proBNP (odds ratio, 1.92; 95% CI, 1.48–2.49).Conclusions OH identified in community‐dwelling middle‐aged adults was associated with future CVD events and subclinical CVD. Further research is necessary to establish a causal role for OH in the pathogenesis of CVD.

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“…The ARIC comprises 15 792 members aged 45-64 years derived from randomly selected households in four US communities: Forsyth County, North Carolina; northwest suburbs of Minneapolis, Minnesota; Washington County, Maryland; and African American residents of Jackson, Mississippi. 7,8 ARIC participants were examined at visit 1 between December 1986 and January 1990 and re-examined every 3 years thereafter, that is, in 1990-1992 (visit 2), 1993-1995 (visit 3) and 1996-1998 (visit 4). Follow-up occurs yearly by mail questionnaires and telephone to maintain contact and to assess health and survival status.…”

Section: Databasementioning

confidence: 99%

Putative biases in estimating mortality attributable to obesity in the US population

2007

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Background: A recent analysis concluded that there were fewer excess deaths attributable to obesity in the US population than previously believed. This analysis may not have fully corrected for two putative biases, the regression-dilution and the reversecausation biases. It is not presently known whether correcting for these biases would increase estimates of excess deaths attributable to obesity. Methods: All-cause mortality hazard ratios (HRs) for different body mass index (BMI) categories were calculated and adjusted for confounding factors, using data from the prospective Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study. The analysis was based on 12 457 individuals aged 51-70 years and 606 all-cause deaths during a 5.3-year follow-up. The HRs were corrected for the regression-dilution and reverse-causation biases, and compared with data from a previously published study to evaluate the effects of correcting for these putative biases on estimates of excess deaths attributable to obesity in the US population.Results: The uncorrected all-cause mortality HR for obesity (BMIX30) was 1.26 (95% confidence interval (95% CI) ¼ 1.01-1.58), using the 21-25 kg/m 2 as ideal-weight category. Correcting for regression dilution increased the HR to 1.46 (95% CI ¼ 1.17-1.83). Correcting for both putative biases increased it further to 2.70 (95% CI ¼ 1.31-5.57). Such increases in HRs are consonant with increases of several hundred percent in estimates of deaths attributable to obesity in the US. Conclusions: Correcting for putative biases yielded increases in all-cause mortality HRs for obesity that correspond to substantial increases in estimates of excess deaths attributable to obesity in the US population.

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Differences between respondents and nonrespondents in a multicenter community-based study vary by gender and ethnicity

Cited by 297 publications

References 10 publications

Tuberculosis infection in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and the effect of infliximab therapy

Tuberculosis infection in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and the effect of infliximab therapy

Orthostatic Hypotension and Risk of Clinical and Subclinical Cardiovascular Disease in Middle‐Aged Adults

Putative biases in estimating mortality attributable to obesity in the US population

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