Differences in Distance Estimations in Real and Virtual 3D Environments

Saracini, Chiara; Belardinelli, Marta Olivetti; Hoepfner, Andreas; Basso, Demis

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-41018-6_72

Cited by 4 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…It is plausible that when a static picture with a first-person perspective is shown, there is no need to employ spatial skills related to mentally rotating objects. Instead, they may play a role when pictures are dynamic (Saracini, Basso, & Olivetti Belardinelli, 2020; Saracini, Olivetti Belardinelli, et al, 2020), or when there is a need for a more active task such as inferring distances from meandering lines (Ruggiero et al, 2008).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The fact that in our study the effect of MRT was not significant may stem from methodological differences between the studies such as using metric versus non-metric estimations or using static versus dynamic pictures. The study by Saracini, Olivetti Belardinelli, et al (2020) used dynamic pictures, where head movements could have been simulated with a mouse. In the case of our study, participants viewed static images and possibly dynamic spatial skills (e.g., rotating objects in space) were not required.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The authors concluded that mental rotation is closely related to spatial inference. Saracini, Basso and Olivetti Belardinelli (2020) found that mental rotation skills predict correct distance judgements under both stereoscopic and natural viewing conditions. Other studies show that while MRT modulates performance in distance estimations, its impact depends on a series of factors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

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Non-metric distance judgements are influenced by image projection geometry and field of view

Ruta

Ganczarek

Pietras

et al. 2023

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology

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Despite its mathematical simplicity and ubiquity in imaging technology, there has long been doubt about the ability of linear perspective to best represent human visual space, especially at wide-angle fields of view under natural viewing conditions. We investigated whether changes to image geometry had an impact on participants’ performance, specifically in terms of non-metric distance estimates. Our multidisciplinary research team developed a new open-source image database to study distance perception in images by systematically manipulating target distance, field of view and image projection using non-linear natural perspective projections. The database consists of 12 outdoor scenes of a virtual 3D urban environment in which a target ball is presented at increasing distance, visualised using both linear perspective and natural perspective images, rendered respectively with three different fields-of-view: 100, 120 and 140 degrees horizontally. In the first experiment (N=52) we tested the effects of linear vs. natural perspective on non-metric distance judgements. In the second experiment (N=195) we investigated the influence of contextual and previous familiarity with linear perspective, and individual differences in spatial skills on distance estimations. The results of both experiments showed that distance estimation accuracy improved in natural compared to linear perspective images, particularly at wide-angle fields-of-view. Moreover, undertaking a training session with only natural perspective images led to more accurate distance judgments overall. We argue that the efficacy of natural perspective may stem from its resemblance to the way objects appear under natural viewing conditions, and that this can provide insights into the phenomenological structure of visual space.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Non-metric distance judgements are influenced by image projection geometry and field of view

Ruta

Ganczarek

Pietras

et al. 2023

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology

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“…Other studies show that whilst MRT modulates P e e r R e v i e w V e r s i o n 8 example, it seems that MRT interacts with gender and type of environment: for females 1 the higher the MRT scores the greater the tendency to overestimate distances, especially 2 in real-life environments. Males instead presented an opposite trend: higher MRT scores 3 were related to underestimations in real-life environments (Saracini et al, 2020b). 4 Interestingly, in virtual environments mental rotation skills predicted distance 5 estimations similarly for both genders (Saracini et al, 2020b).…”

Section: Individual Differences In Spatial Perceptionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Males instead presented an opposite trend: higher MRT scores 3 were related to underestimations in real-life environments (Saracini et al, 2020b). 4 Interestingly, in virtual environments mental rotation skills predicted distance 5 estimations similarly for both genders (Saracini et al, 2020b). Thus, it seems that one's 6 ability to mentally rotate objects can contribute to distance estimations, but the actual 7 mechanism is rather complex and calls for further investigation.…”

Section: Individual Differences In Spatial Perceptionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Non-metric distance judgements are influenced by image projection geometry and field of view

Ruta¹,

Ganczarek²,

Pietras³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Despite its mathematical simplicity and ubiquity in imaging technology, there has long been doubt about the ability of linear perspective to best represent human visual space, especially at wide-angle fields of view under natural viewing conditions. We investigated whether changes to image geometry had an impact on participants’ performance, specifically in terms of non-metric distance estimates. Our multidisciplinary research team developed a new open-source image database to study distance perception in images by systematically manipulating target distance, field of view and image projection using non-linear natural projections. The database consists of 12 outdoor scenes of a virtual 3D urban environment in which a target ball is presented at increasing distance, visualised using both linear perspective and natural perspective images, rendered respectively with three different fields-of-view: 100, 120 and 140 degrees horizontally. In the first experiment (N=52) we tested the effects of linear vs. natural perspective on non-metric distance judgements. In the second experiment (N=195) we investigated the influence of contextual and previous familiarity with linear perspective, and individual differences in spatial skills on distance estimations. The results of both experiments showed that distance estimation accuracy improved in natural compared to linear perspective images, particularly at wide-angle fields-of-view. Moreover, undertaking a training session with only natural perspective images led to more accurate distance judgments overall. We argue that the efficacy of natural perspective may stem from its resemblance to the way objects appear under natural viewing conditions, and that this can provide insights into the phenomenological structure of visual space.

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Stereoscopy Does not Improve Metric Distance Estimations in Virtual Environments

Saracini

Basso

Belardinelli

2020

Proceedings of the 2nd International and Interdisciplinary Conference on Image and Imagination

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Differences in Distance Estimations in Real and Virtual 3D Environments

Cited by 4 publications

References 62 publications

Non-metric distance judgements are influenced by image projection geometry and field of view

Non-metric distance judgements are influenced by image projection geometry and field of view

Non-metric distance judgements are influenced by image projection geometry and field of view

Stereoscopy Does not Improve Metric Distance Estimations in Virtual Environments

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