Differences in excitability of cortical neurons as a function of motor projection in conditioned cats

Woody, C. D.; Black-Cleworth, P.

doi:10.1152/jn.1973.36.6.1104

Cited by 193 publications

(51 citation statements)

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“…[The resting potentials of the IC recordings averaged 53 mV with action potentials of up to 83 mV in amplitude (Aou et al, 1992).] As in earlier studies (Woody and Black-Cleworth, 1973;Woody et al, 1976), no significant differences were found between patterns of spike activity recorded intracellularly and those recorded extracellularly, and data were combined when making analyses of unit activity. The numbers of EC and IC units held long enough to measure patterns of activity during different behavioral states are shown in Table 1.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 79%

“…Electrodes were inserted by means of a guide tube into the pericruciate cortex of awake cats. The cats had been prepared earlier for recording as described previously in detail (Woody and Black-Cleworth, 1973). Stainless steel screws were implanted into the skulls of the animals using Na pentobarbital anesthesia (35 mg/kg, i.p.).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Analyses of EC activity were confined to spikes of < 20 mV amplitude without an accompanying DC shift. Analvses of IC activitv were confined to mikes of 220 mV amplitude and-stable resting potentials after penetration (see Woody and Black-Cleworth, 1973;Woody et al, 1984). [The resting potentials of the IC recordings averaged 53 mV with action potentials of up to 83 mV in amplitude (Aou et al, 1992).]…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The hisses were of comparable intensity to the clicks but longer duration (see Kim et al, 1983, for amplified earphone recordings of the stimuli). The glabella tap US was produced by means of a small metal rod driven electromechanically by a solenoid to strike a screw that was previously implanted in the glabella (for complete details, see Woody and Black-Cleworth, 1973;Woody et al, 1974). HS consisted of a train of four electrical stimuli delivered to the lateral hypothalamic region as described more fully below.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although there is evidence that the motor cortex supports learned movements performed with short latencies in response to Pavlovian conditional stimuli (CS) (Woody and Black-Cleworth, 1973;Woody et al, 1974), there is disagreement about the functional role of the motor cortex in the performance of longer-latency Pavlovian conditioned reflex, (CRs) . To investigate these questions, we examined patterns of activation of units of the pericruciate cortex of cats before and after conditioning eye blink movements with short-and long-latency components.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Changes in the activity of units of the cat motor cortex with rapid conditioning and extinction of a compound eye blink movement

1992

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Patterns of spike activity were measured in the pericruciate cortex of conscious cats before and after development of a Pavlovian conditioned eye blink response. Unit activity was tested with presentations of a click conditioned stimulus (CS) and a hiss discriminative stimulus (DS) of similar intensity to the click. Unit discharge in response to the CS increased after conditioning, but not after backward conditioning when conditioned reflexes (CRs) were not performed. Rates of spontaneous, baseline discharge were not increased after conditioning with respect to rates of discharge measured in the naive state. It appeared that an increase in the ratio of CS-elicited discharge to background activity, together with an increase in the number of units responding to the CS after conditioning, supported discrimination of the CS from the DS and performance of the conditioned blink response. This is the first detailed characterization of patterns of a rapidly conditioned Pavlovian response. Activation of units by the CS preceded the onset of the CR, supporting the hypothesis that the activity played a role in initiating the conditioned eye blink movement. Extinction with retention of performance of the CR was associated with perseverance of the increased unit discharge in response to the CS. Extinction with substantially reduced performance of the CR was associated with diminution of the unit response to the CS below levels found with conditioning. Averages of patterns of spike activity elicited by the CS after conditioning showed components of discharge with onsets of 8–40 msec (alpha 1), 40–72 msec (alpha 2), 72–112 msec (beta), and greater than 112 msec (gamma), corresponding to each of four separate excitatory EMG components of the compound blink CR. Each component increased in magnitude after conditioning, relative to levels found in the naive state. The finding that long- as well as short-latency components of unit activation increased after conditioning supported the hypothesis that generation of both long- and short-latency blink CRs in normal animals may depend significantly on neural circuitry and mechanisms within the motor cortex.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 79%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Changes in the activity of units of the cat motor cortex with rapid conditioning and extinction of a compound eye blink movement

1992

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Biological Models of Associative Learning

Steinmetz

Kim

Thompson

2003

Handbook of Psychology

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Over the last 100 years or so, a great deal of progress has been made in delineating the behavioral properties of simple associative learning. In addition, much progress has been made in defining the neural circuitries involved in encoding learning and memory processes in the nervous system and also some of the cellular and molecular mechanisms that underlie the encoding processes. Advances in our understanding of the behavioral and neural bases of simple associative learning are presented in this chapter. Some basic definition important for associative learning and memory are first presented, and then current data from a variety of invertebrate preparations that have proven useful for advancing our understanding of cellular and molecular correlates of learning and memory are covered. The use of simple spinal cord preparations is presented next, and this is followed by a detailed examination of fear conditioning and the brain systems involved in encoding this simple form of emotional learning. We next review the relatively large literature on classical and instrumental conditioning of discrete response. Featured in this final section of the chapter are a variety of current data about the brain systems that are involved in encoding classical eyeblink conditioning, arguably the most studied associative learning paradigm.

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Memory (Mechanisms Other than LTP )

Debanne

Campanac

2014

Encyclopedia of Life Sciences

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Synaptic plasticity is not the exclusive mode of memory storage, and persistent regulation of voltage‐gated ionic channels also participates in information storage. Long‐term changes in neuronal excitability have been reported in several brain areas following learning. Synaptic activation of glutamate receptors initiates long‐lasting modification in neuronal excitability at the pre‐ or postsynaptic side, that is, in the axon, soma and dendrites of central neurons. Intrinsic plasticity is expressed in virtually all neuronal types including principal cells and interneurons. It is mediated by changes in the expression level or biophysical properties of voltage‐gated ion channels in the membrane and can affect many different neuronal operations such as dendritic integration and action potential generation and propagation. Similarly to synaptic plasticity, long‐lasting intrinsic plasticity is bidirectional and expresses a certain level of input or cell specificity. Synaptic and intrinsic plasticities not only share common learning rules and induction pathways but also contribute in synergy with these synaptic changes to the formation of a coherent mnesic engram. Key Concepts: Synaptic plasticity is a major mode of memory storage. Persistent regulation of voltage‐gated ionic channels also participates in information storage following learning. Synaptic activation of glutamate receptors initiates long‐lasting modification in neuronal excitability at the pre‐ or postsynaptic side. Intrinsic plasticity is mediated by changes in the expression level or biophysical properties of voltage‐gated ion channels in the membrane. Intrinsic plasticity can affect many different neuronal operations such as dendritic integration, action potential generation, action potential shape, action potential propagation and backpropagation. Synaptic and intrinsic plasticities share common learning rules and induction pathways. Synaptic and intrinsic plasticities contribute in synergy to the formation of a coherent mnesic engram.

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Differences in excitability of cortical neurons as a function of motor projection in conditioned cats

Cited by 193 publications

References 0 publications

Changes in the activity of units of the cat motor cortex with rapid conditioning and extinction of a compound eye blink movement

Changes in the activity of units of the cat motor cortex with rapid conditioning and extinction of a compound eye blink movement

Biological Models of Associative Learning

Memory (Mechanisms Other than LTP )

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