Differences in male and female injury severities in sport-utility vehicle, minivan, pickup and passenger car accidents

Traffic accident segmentation by means of latent class clustering

“…To test this, we will perform traffic injury analysis for each traffic accident. We will apply the multinomial logit model, which is the most widely applied discrete-outcome modeling approach for accident-severity analysis (Zhang et al, 2000;Bédard et al, 2002;Al-Ghamdi, 2002;Islam and Mannering, 2006;Ulfarsson and Mannering, 2004;Kim et al, 2007, Carson andMannering, 2001;Shankhar and Mannering, 1996;Valent et al, 2002;Yau, 2004). Our injury risk analysis mainly follows the work of Ulfarsson and Mannering (2004), Islam and Mannering (2001) and Kim et al (2007).…”

“…Thirdly, factors affecting injury severity can differ in direction between different traffic accident types. Ulfarsson and Mannering (2004) found that male drivers of vehicles striking a barrier or guardrail experienced an increase in probability of less severity while female drivers experienced an increase in probability of greater severity. Sometimes building separate models for different traffic accident types shows that certain risk factors are not statistically significant for all traffic accident types.…”

“…Sometimes building separate models for different traffic accident types shows that certain risk factors are not statistically significant for all traffic accident types. However, as Ulfarsson and Mannering (2004) mentioned, an insignificant variable in one model can simply be caused by a lack of observations. Therefore, one has to be careful to conclude that a factor has no significant influence on the injury outcome for a specific traffic accident type.…”

“…Examples are Bédard et al (2002) who focus on single-vehicle crashes with fixed objects in their analysis, Zhang et al (2000) investigating older drivers involved in injury motor vehicle crashes on public roads, Zajac and Ivan's research (2003) which focuses on pedestrians and several other studies which focus on a specific vehicle type such as sport utility vehicles (Ulfarsson and Mannering, 2004) or motorcycles (Shankar and Mannering, 1996;Quddus et al, 2002). Mannering (2004) concluded in their work that there are significant differences in magnitude between males and females with regard to how various factors affect injury severity. Thirdly, factors affecting injury severity can differ in direction between different traffic accident types.…”

A joint econometric analysis of seat belt use and crash-related injury severity

“…First, except for the studies by Chang and Mannering (1999) and Ulfarsson and Mannering (2004), none of the earlier studies has comprehensively considered all the five categories of variables. Second, the two most prevalent structures used to examine injury severity are logistic regression models and orderedresponse models.…”