Differences in maternal soluble ST2 levels in the third trimester of normal pregnancy versus preeclampsia

Abstract

Background Preeclampsia is associated with intense inflammatory response in pregnancy, and soluble ST2 (sST2) is pathologically increased in this condition. No data exist regarding maternal sST2 levels in normal pregnancy versus preeclampsia in areas of southeast Asia with an ethnic Malay predominance. Materials and Methods Patients were sorted into normal pregnancy or preeclampsia. Patients with a history of allergic, inflammatory, or malignant disease were excluded. One sample was taken per patient; all samples were taken during the third trimester of pregnancy. Thirty samples from each group were enrolled in the study, totaling 60 samples. Soluble ST2 levels in maternal plasma were measured using the Presage® ST2 Assay according to manufacturer instructions, and data was analyzed using SPSS 23. Results Patients in the preeclampsia group were significantly older than those in the normal pregnancy group (p = 0.01). Most patients with preeclampsia presented as early-onset (n = 23). Both systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were significantly higher (p < 0.001) in the preeclampsia group. Mean sST2 level in the preeclampsia group (85.89 ng/ml) was significantly higher than the normal pregnancy group mean (38.3 ng/ml) during the third trimester (p < 0.001). This study also found a correlation between sST2 and preeclampsia (p < 0.001, r = 0.480), SBP (p < 0.001, r = 0.407), and DBP (p = 0.007, r = 0.342), while preeclampsia was found to be the best explanatory variable of sST2 levels (r = 0.468, p < 0.001). sST2 level> 63.66 ng/ml has sensitivity 50% and specificity 93.3%, with AUC of 0.78 [95% CI 0.66 – 0.90], p < 0.001. The sST2 > 63.66 ng/ml has an OR of 14.0 [95% CI 2.82 – 69.6], p < 0.001 for preeclampsia. The dose-response relationship between sST2 level and preeclampsia was linear. Conclusion Soluble ST2 levels were increased in both normal pregnancy and preeclampsia but were significantly higher in patients with preeclampsia. Preeclampsia was also found to be the best explanatory variable for the increase of sST2 levels in ethnic Malay predominance.

The correlation between maternal serum sST2, IL‐33 and NT‐proBNP concentrations and occurrence of pre‐eclampsia in twin pregnancies: A longitudinal study

“…found that mean sST2 level in the PE group (85.89 ng/ml) was significantly higher than the control group mean (38.3 ng/ml) during the third trimester (30-38 weeks) in singleton pregnancies. 12 The median of sST2 in the PE group in our study was lower than in the previous study focused on singleton pregnancies that further explained the different pathogenesis of PE in twin pregnancies. Additionally, Stampalija T et al 13 found that serum sST2 concentration in singleton pregnant women with PE was higher than that in normal pregnant women, especially in preterm and severe PE.…”

“…Sasmaya PH et al. found that mean sST2 level in the PE group (85.89 ng/ml) was significantly higher than the control group mean (38.3 ng/ml) during the third trimester (30–38 weeks) in singleton pregnancies 12 . The median of sST2 in the PE group in our study was lower than in the previous study focused on singleton pregnancies that further explained the different pathogenesis of PE in twin pregnancies.…”

PROTEIN SOLUBLE SUPPRESSION OF TUMORIGENICITY 2 (sST2) SEBAGAI PENANDA KERUSAKAN KARDIOVASKULAR PADA PREEKLAMSIA

“…33 Disfungsi endotel yang terjadi pada preeklamsia 34 sST2 sebagai biomarker kerusakan miokardium tampak meningkat secara bermakna pada preeklamsia, terutama pada preeklamsia dengan komplikasi. 35,36 Terdapat korelasi positif antara sST dengan kejadian preeklamsia awitan dini dimana secara klinis gangguan organ-organ tampak lebih berat termasuk kerusakan miokardium. Pemeriksaan sST2 dapat digunakan pula untuk mengetahui keadaan disfungsi miokardium subklinis pada pasien riwayat preeklamsia.…”

Nutrition Counseling, Lipid Profile Improvement and Weight Loss in Obese Patients with Dyslipidemia

“…The study's p-value of 0.010 < 0.05 means a relationship between exposure to cigarette smoke and the incidence of hypertension in pregnant women (Sasmaya et al, 2022). Results mean that pregnant women exposed to cigarette smoke are 3.5 times more likely to suffer from hypertension than pregnant women who are not exposed to cigarette smoke (Sibai et al, 2021).…”

“…In pregnant women, calcium is needed more because it is a substitute for the reserve of tissue formation in the fetus. So that if pregnant women lack calcium can increase the risk of hypertension four times (Sasmaya et al, 2022).…”