Differences in plasma apelin and visfatin levels between patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus and healthy subjects and response after acute hyperglycemia and insulin administration

Abstract

OBJEcTIVE. Previous data suggest that apelin and visfatin play a role in metabolism and glucose homeostasis. The aim of the present study was to determine differences in plasma apelin and visfatin concentrations between healthy subjects and patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus and to study the effect of hyperglycemia and insulin administration on their levels in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus. DEsIGN. One hundred patients with T1DM and 52 healthy subjects were examined. Nine patients with type 1 diabetes and 9 controls participated in a further study. In the main study, blood samples were taken after a 12-hour fast. In a further study, an oral glucose tolerance test was performed on two occasions. In session A, at baseline, insulin lispro (7 units) was administered subcutaneously to the type 1 diabetic patients, while a placebo injection was administered to controls. In session B, no insulin or placebo was administered. Apelin, visfatin, insulin and glucose levels were measured at baseline and 10, 20, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 min after glucose consumption. rEsULTs AND cONcLUsIONs. Fasting plasma apelin concentrations were higher (p<0.001), while fasting visfatin levels tended to be lower (p=0.06) in patients with type 1 diabetes in comparison to healthy subjects. In the diabetes group, fasting apelin (but not visfatin) correlated with HDL-c (p=0.001). Apelin and visfatin did not change significantly during the oral glucose tolerance test in either group with or without exogenous insulin administration.

Study of Visfatin Level in Type 1 Diabetic Children and Adolescents

“…Besides, Brendt et al [30] study showed that there is a significant relationship between visfatin concentrations and BMI and the percentage body fat in non-diabetic subjects. In disagreement with our study López-Bermejo et al [9]; Haider et al [6] and Alexiadous et al [15] stated no relationship between visfatin levels and BMI in type 1 diabetic subjects.…”

“…Similarly, Alexiadou et al [15] study on type 1 diabetic adult patients found that fasting visfatin levels tended to be lower in patients with type 1 diabetes in comparison to healthy subjects.…”

Circulating Apelin is increased in patients with type 1 or type 2 diabetes and is associated with better glycaemic control

“…Few studies have evaluated the link between type 1 diabetes and serum apelin concentrations and the results are conflicting. Among the three studies published, two reported higher serum apelin levels in patients with type 1 diabetes than in controls . The first study compared 30 type 1 diabetic children with 45 controls and found no difference regarding age, BMI, gender, weight and lipid profile.…”

“…In type 1 diabetes, only three studies have assessed plasma apelin concentrations. Two studies reported higher circulating apelin levels in type 1 diabetic patients than in healthy controls: one study in children and one study in adult patients . In contrast, a recent study reported no difference in the circulating apelin levels between patients with type 1 diabetic patients and controls …”

Apelin receptors: From signaling to antidiabetic strategy

“…Few studies have however reported the concentrations in type 1 diabetic patients and did the comparison with type 2 diabetic patients. In a first report, Alexiadou et al (2012) showed that fasting plasma apelin concentrations were higher in type 1 diabetic patients compared to healthy subjects. However, apelin levels in diabetic subjects were not modified during an oral glucose tolerance test suggesting that they were not affected by high blood glucose.…”