Differences in Thermal Tolerance Among Sockeye Salmon Populations

Eliason, Erika J.; Clark, Timothy D.; Hague, Merran J.; Hanson, Linda M.; Gallagher, Z.; Jeffries, Ken M.; Gale, Marika Kirstin; Patterson, David A.; Hinch, Scott G.; Farrell, Anthony P.

doi:10.1126/science.1199158

Cited by 792 publications

(1,023 citation statements)

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“…The limited local thermal adaptation in Alta and Dordogne salmon populations contrasts with the apparently strong local adaptations revealed for Fraser River adult sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) populations 8 . The most parsimonious explanation for such a species difference is the athletic requirement of the adult sockeye salmon for its once-in-alifetime spawning migration, which has probably been a powerful selective force to optimize AS to local river migration conditions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

“…In a variety of fish and invertebrate species, cardiac function has been implicated as a limiting factor for upper temperature tolerance [7][8][9][10] , as indicated by their Arrhenius Breakpoint Temperature (T AB ) [9][10][11][12] . This is because as the rate of oxygen consumption increases exponentially with temperature, so does the heart rate (f H ).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…This is because as the rate of oxygen consumption increases exponentially with temperature, so does the heart rate (f H ). Moreover, maximum heart rate (f Hmax ) in fishes ceases to increase at temperatures just beyond T opt , which then puts a limit on the amount of oxygen that can be supplied to tissues above the routine needs 4,7,8 . Thus, for fishes in vivo (when swimming maximally) and in vitro (pharmacologically stimulated), the rate transition temperatures T AB and T QB (when Q 10 decreases abruptly) for f Hmax have been specifically associated with T opt 11,12 .…”

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Atlantic salmon show capability for cardiac acclimation to warm temperatures

et al. 2014

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Increases in environmental temperature predicted to result from global warming have direct effects on performance of ectotherms. Moreover, cardiac function has been observed to limit the tolerance to high temperatures. Here we show that two wild populations of Atlantic salmon originating from northern and southern extremes of its European distribution have strikingly similar cardiac responses to acute warming when acclimated to common temperatures, despite different local environments. Although cardiac collapse starts at 21-23°C with a maximum heart rate of B150 beats per min (bpm) for 12°C-acclimated fish, acclimation to 20°C considerably raises this temperature (27.5°C) and maximum heart rate (B200 bpm). Only minor population differences exist and these are consistent with the warmer habitat of the southern population. We demonstrate that the considerable cardiac plasticity discovered for Atlantic salmon is largely independent of natural habitat, and we propose that observed cardiac plasticity may aid salmon to cope with global warming.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

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Atlantic salmon show capability for cardiac acclimation to warm temperatures

et al. 2014

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“…Finally, many thermal-dependent fitness components varying among populations are correlated with local climatic conditions in diverse species (e.g. [4,5]). …”

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confidence: 99%

Local climatic adaptation in a widespread microorganism

et al. 2014

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Exploring the ability of organisms to locally adapt is critical for determining the outcome of rapid climate changes, yet few studies have addressed this question in microorganisms. We investigated the role of a heterogeneous climate on adaptation of North American populations of the wild yeast Saccharomyces paradoxus. We found abundant among-strain variation for fitness components across a range of temperatures, but this variation was only partially explained by climatic variation in the distribution area. Most of fitness variation was explained by the divergence of genetically distinct groups, distributed along a north-south cline, suggesting that these groups have adapted to distinct climatic conditions. Within-group fitness components were correlated with climatic conditions, illustrating that even ubiquitous microorganisms locally adapt and harbour standing genetic variation for climate-related traits. Our results suggest that global climatic changes could lead to adaptation to new conditions within groups, or changes in their geographical distributions.

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“…Of particular concern for marine species, is that rising temperatures will reduce 43 the capacity for oxygen supply and delivery 9,10 , limiting activities essential to survival and 44 individual fitness. Reduced aerobic scope (the capacity for oxygen uptake above resting 45 metabolic rate) at higher temperatures can affect vital functions such as growth, swimming 46 performance, reproduction and competitive ability [10][11][12][13][14] . In reef fishes, aerobic scope declines at temperatures just a few degrees above the summer average, within the range projected 48 to occur as a result of climate change 9,12,15 .…”

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confidence: 99%