Different effects of the methods of administering lactoferrin, IGF‐1 and IgG from bovine colostrum to rabbits based on the cytokine communication network

Abstract

Lactoferrin, IGF‐1 and IgG are three well‐known bioactive proteins found in bovine colostrum. We studied the effects of these three active ingredients on the levels of eight cytokines in serum and on the cellular communication networks in vivo by oral administration, intraperitoneal injection and intravenous injection. The results suggested that bioactive ingredients, especially biomacromolecules, can induce different effects, even opposite effects, on the immune system depending on the route of administration. These effects are related to both the functions of the bioactive ingredient in vivo and to its specific receptor binding in the gastrointestinal mucosa that activates different signalling pathways.

Effect of bovine colostrum liposomes on the bioavailability of immunoglobulin G and their immunoregulatory function in immunosuppressed BALB/c mice

“…47 Several clinical studies have suggested that the mechanism by which bovine colostrum exerts an immune function might result from its anti-inflammatory effects on various intestinal inflammatory diseases. 22,48,49 Previously, Lu and colleagues investigated the effect of IgG on serum cytokines levels through different administration methods, and the results showed that oral administration with IgG exhibited a pro-inflammatory function in rabbits, as manifested by upregulation of the pro-inflammatory cytokines levels ( e.g. , TNF-α, IFN-γ, and IL-1β) and downregulation of the anti-inflammatory cytokines levels ( e.g.…”

“…, IL-4 and IL-10), while the intraperitoneal and intravenous injection of IgG showed anti-inflammatory activities. 22 Besides, transcriptomic studies conducted by Asbjornsdottir et al suggested that the bioactive components in bovine colostrum, such as IgG and lactoferrin, might exert anti-inflammatory properties by regulating the NF-κB signaling pathway. 4 Our current research indicated that CTX caused an imbalance between the immunity-related cytokines and destroyed the intestine structure in BALB/c mice, and interestingly, after encapsulating by liposomes, bovine colostrum showed better characteristics for enhancing the IgG levels, rehabilitating the anti-inflammatory cytokines levels, and improving the intestine structure (Fig.…”

“…function might result from its anti-inflammatory effects on various intestinal inflammatory diseases. 22,48,49 Previously, Lu and colleagues investigated the effect of IgG on serum cytokines levels through different administration methods, and the results showed that oral administration with IgG exhibited a pro-inflammatory function in rabbits, as manifested by upregulation of the pro-inflammatory cytokines levels (e.g., TNF-α, IFN-γ, and IL-1β) and downregulation of the anti-inflammatory cytokines levels (e.g., IL-4 and IL-10), while the intraperitoneal and intravenous injection of IgG showed anti-inflammatory activities. 22 Besides, transcriptomic studies conducted by Asbjornsdottir et al suggested that the bioactive components in bovine colostrum, such as IgG and lactoferrin, might exert anti-inflammatory properties by regulating the NF-κB signaling pathway.…”

“…22,48,49 Previously, Lu and colleagues investigated the effect of IgG on serum cytokines levels through different administration methods, and the results showed that oral administration with IgG exhibited a pro-inflammatory function in rabbits, as manifested by upregulation of the pro-inflammatory cytokines levels (e.g., TNF-α, IFN-γ, and IL-1β) and downregulation of the anti-inflammatory cytokines levels (e.g., IL-4 and IL-10), while the intraperitoneal and intravenous injection of IgG showed anti-inflammatory activities. 22 Besides, transcriptomic studies conducted by Asbjornsdottir et al suggested that the bioactive components in bovine colostrum, such as IgG and lactoferrin, might exert anti-inflammatory properties by regulating the NF-κB signaling pathway. 4 Our current research indicated that CTX caused an imbalance between the immunity-related cytokines and destroyed the intestine structure in BALB/c mice, and interestingly, after encapsulating by liposomes, bovine colostrum showed better characteristics for enhancing the IgG levels, rehabilitating the anti-inflammatory cytokines levels, and improving the intestine structure (Fig.…”

“…21 Previously, Lu et al explored the effects of bioactive ingredients (e.g., IgG and lactoferrin) in bovine colostrum on serum cytokines levels and cellular communication networks through different administration methods, and the results showed that those functional components in bovine colostrum participated in regulating the immune metabolism and endocrine system, thereby maintaining the body's health. 22 However, only 3% of the IgG could remain active after gastric digestion; therefore, it was necessary to protect IgG from degradation to maintain its high bioactive characteristics. 23 Our previous studies indicated that bovine colostrum encapsulated by liposomes could exhibited the sustained release of IgG in vitro.…”