Different Enzymatic Activities in Carp (Cyprinus Carpio L.) as Potential Biomarkers of Exposure to the Pesticide Methomyl

Abstract

This study investigated the influence of the pesticide methomyl on different enzymatic activities in carp. The fish were exposed to a sub-lethal concentration (0.34 mg L -1 ) of methomyl for 15 days. On days 4 and 15, catalase (CAT) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activities were measured in the liver and gills. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in brain and muscle was also determined. Liver catalase activity slightly increased in exposed fish when compared to controls, but it was statistically significant only at the beginning of the experiment. No changes in CAT activity in the gills of exposed and control animals were observed (mean values were in the range 10.7-11.7 nmol min -1 per mg of protein). Liver GST activity was slightly inhibited in the exposed animals at the beginning of the study; however, it was significantly inhibited in the gills. Brain AChE activity was diminished throughout the experiment and significantly decreased after 96 h of exposure compared to controls (0.041 vs. 0.075 nmol min -1 per mg of protein; p<0.001). Our findings suggest that CAT, GST, and AChE are reliable biomarkers of effect after exposure to methomyl.

Effect of Methomyl on Growth, Antioxidant System of GIFT (Oreochromis niloticus), and Residue in the Presence of Water Spinach (Ipomoea aquatica Forsk)

“…MET (C 5 H 10 N 2 O 2 S) is S-methyl-1-N-[(methylcarba-moyl)oxy]-thioacetimidate, classi ed as the most toxic and hazardous pesticide by the WHO and EPA, which is functionally analogous to organophosphates for inhibiting enzyme activity of acetyl cholinesterase in mammals and insects. MET is considered to be highly toxic to sh and aquatic invertebrates [1,2]. e LC 50 values for crucian carp ranged from 0.9 to 3.4 mg/L, and the LC 50 values for Daphina magna were from 0.022 to 0.026 mg/L [3].…”

The Bioremediation Capacity of Sphingomonas melonis for Methomyl‐Contaminated Soil Media: RSM Optimization and Biochemical Assessment by Dreissena polymorpha

“…[31] D. polymorpha was exposed to non-lethal concentrations of beta-cyfluthrin pesticide for 24 and 96 hours. AChE activity was inhibited with increasing concentration compared to control, [1,32] investigated the effect of the pesticide methomyl on different enzymatic activities in Cyprinus carpio L. Brain AChE activity was significantly reduced after 96 hours of exposure compared to controls throughout the experimental periods. Khalil et al [33] investigated the acute and non-lethal effects of methomyl lanate on the land snail Eobania vermiculata.…”

“…One of the carbamata incesticide methomyl [S‐methyl N‐((methylcarbamoyl)oxy) thioacetimidate] has highly toxic properties and this pesticide is very dangeours for aquatic living organisms [1] . Microbial bioremediation, which is used as an alternative to the relatively expensive physico‐chemical remediation methods, has started to be preferred in recent years because it is cheaper and can provide almost complete degradation of many toxic organic pollutants [2] .…”

“…One of the carbamata incesticide methomyl [S-methyl N-((methylcarbamoyl)oxy) thioacetimidate] has highly toxic properties and this pesticide is very dangeours for aquatic living organisms. [1] Microbial bioremediation, which is used as an alternative to the relatively expensive physico-chemical remediation methods, has started to be preferred in recent years because it is cheaper and can provide almost complete degradation of many toxic organic pollutants. [2] Responsesurface-methodology (RSM) is an effective tool used in recent years to create a model between variables, to design experiments and variables statistically, to search and evaluate optimum conditions according to the results of this design, and to evaluate the factors affecting different experimental parameters.…”