Different Positions of Vermiform Appendix in Human Cadavers: A Cross-sectional Study

Abstract

Introduction: The vermiform appendix is a wormlike tube situated in the right iliac fossa. It arises from the posteromedial cecal wall, 2 cm or less below the end of the ileum and suspended by a peritoneal fold known as meso appendix. Position of the appendix influences its mobility. Most common position of appendix has been reported to be retrocecal followed by pelvic position. But there are other variable positions also reported by many. Aim: To study the anatomical variations of the positions of vermiform appendix in human cadavers. Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study which was carried out in the Department of Anatomy, Assam Medical College, Dibrugarh, Assam, India, from June 2020 to May 2021. Total 14 adult cadavers and 66 new born cadavers were included in the study. All the cadavers were dissected and abdominal cavity was explored. The position of the appendix was then noted in all specimens. Results: In most of the cases the position of vermiform appendix was found in retrocecal position followed by pelvic, pre-ileal and paracolic. In adults, retrocecal positions were more in males (88.9%) than females (40%) in contrast to newborns where retrocaecal positions were more in females (76.7%). As a whole, retrocecal position (66.25%) of appendix was the commonest finding in all cadavers. This was followed by pelvic (30%) position. Paracolic (2.5%) and pre-ilial (1.25%) positions were also noted in newborn cadaver. Conclusion: Knowing the variations in the position of appendix will guide the surgeons during intraoperative procedures. Since the positions of appendix vary considerably signs and symptoms also vary depending upon the different positions. Hence, the knowledge of its diverse anatomical positions is of utmost importance which helps the surgeons in proper management of appendicular pathology.