Different Relationship Between Anthropometric Markers and Umbilical Cord Plasma Leptin in Asian and Caucasian Neonates

Yeung, Louisa P.K.; Wong, Alfred C. K.; Wang, Xiaohui; Birmingham, C. Laird; Lewicka, Sabina; Chanoine, Jean‐Pierre

doi:10.1203/01.pdr.0000067140.75177.ed

Cited by 12 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…The elevated cord androgen concentrations we observed, however, are consistent with previous studies of pregnancies occurring in North America showing higher dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) concentrations in Chinese Canadians compared with Caucasians (20), as is the pattern of higher cord estriol concentrations that we observed in the Chinese (20). In contrast, estradiol concentrations were not elevated in the Chinese neonates in our study.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Cord Serum Estrogens, Androgens, Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I, and Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein-3 in Chinese and U.S. Caucasian Neonates

Troisi

Λάγιου

Trichopoulos

et al. 2008

Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &Amp; Prevention

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Markedly lower breast cancer incidence rates in Asians than Caucasians are not explained by established adult risk factors. Migration studies suggest the importance of early-life exposures, including perhaps the in utero period. Concentrations of steroid hormones and insulin-like growth factors (IGF) were measured in umbilical cord sera from pregnancies in Shanghai, China (n = 121) and Boston, MA (n = 111). Pregnancy characteristics were ascertained by interview and medical records. Means and percent differences in hormone concentrations comparing Chinese with Caucasians and 95% confidence intervals were estimated from linear regression models. Cord concentrations of androstenedione (91.9%), testosterone (257%), estriol (48.6%), and IGF binding protein-3 (21.1%) were significantly higher in the Chinese than U.S. samples, and cord prolactin was lower (À14.9%). Cord estradiol and IGF-I concentrations did not differ by race/ethnicity. With adjustment for gestational length, maternal age, pre-pregnancy weight, and weight gain, androstenedione (60.5%), testosterone (185%), and IGF binding protein-3 (40.4%) remained significantly higher in the Chinese, whereas the higher estriol and lower prolactin concentrations were attenuated. In addition, estradiol levels became lower in the Chinese (À29.8%) but did not reach statistical significance. Results were generally similar when restricted to first full-term pregnancies, with reduced estradiol concentrations in the Chinese reaching statistical significance after adjustment. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that elevated prenatal androgen exposure could mediate reductions in breast cancer risk. The meaning of the change in findings for estrogens after controlling for factors related to the pregnancy is unclear with regard to explaining international breast cancer differences. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2008;17(1):224 -31)

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Cord Serum Estrogens, Androgens, Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I, and Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein-3 in Chinese and U.S. Caucasian Neonates

Troisi

Λάγιου

Trichopoulos

et al. 2008

Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &Amp; Prevention

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“…Published data on androgen concentrations in the maternal and fetal circulation, however, are unavailable, although data 5 from a study of Chinese living in Shanghai and Caucasians in Boston on cord androstenedione and testosterone concentrations are forthcoming. Umbilical cord blood DHEA sulfate is higher in Asian-Canadians than Caucasians (55). Compared with Caucasians, androgen concentrations in African-American mothers are higher (38,56,68,69), whereas higher androgens have not been observed in the cord (38).…”

Section: Prominent Hypotheses To Explain Prenatal Risk Factorsmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…No differences by race/ethnicity have been shown for IGF-I, IGF-2, and IGFBP-1 (44). Other hormones involved in glucose metabolism and energy balance such as leptin and ghrelin seem similar in the cords of Asian-American and Asian-Canadian and Caucasian neonates (55,130).…”

Section: Prenatal Risk Factors For Breast Cancer Cancer Epidemiol Biomentioning

confidence: 90%

“…In mid-pregnancy, maternal estriol is elevated in Asian-Americans compared with Caucasians, African-Americans, and Hispanic-American women (53), although no differences were observed for the more biologically active estrogen estradiol in a study of Asian-Americans (mainly second generation) and Caucasians (54). Results for cord hormone concentrations are consistent with higher estriol in Asian-Canadians than Caucasians (55), and no significant differences in estradiol and estrone (44), although the latter data derive from a study of Asian-Americans that were likely to be highly acculturated. Hispanic-American mothers seem to have higher estriol (53), estrone (56), and possibly estradiol (54) than Caucasians, although differences in cord estradiol and estrone have not been shown (44).…”

Section: Prominent Hypotheses To Explain Prenatal Risk Factorsmentioning

confidence: 97%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Exploring the Underlying Hormonal Mechanisms of Prenatal Risk Factors for Breast Cancer: A Review and Commentary

Troisi

Potischman

Hoover

2007

Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &Amp; Prevention

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Prenatal factors have been hypothesized to influence subsequent breast cancer development. Directly evaluating the associations of in utero exposures with risk, however, presents several methodologic and theoretical challenges, including the long induction period between exposure and disease and the lack of certainty regarding the critical timing of exposure. Indirect evaluation of these associations has been achieved by use of proxies such as gestational and neonatal characteristics. Evidence suggests that preeclampsia is associated with a reduced breast cancer risk, whereas high birth weight and dizygotic twinning seem associated with an increased risk. Asians born in Asia have substantially lower breast cancer risks than women born in the West. Although data thus far are few, what exists is not consistent with a unifying hypothesis for a particular biological exposure (such as estrogens or androgens) during pregnancy as mediating the observed associations between pregnancy factors and breast cancer risk. This suggests that additional studies of prenatal factors should seek to broaden the range of hormones, growth, and other endocrine factors that are evaluated in utero. Once candidate biomarkers are identified, assessing them with respect to breast cancer and with intermediate end points in carcinogenesis should be a priority. In addition, investigations should explore the possibility that in utero exposures may not act directly on the breast, but may alter other physiologic pathways such as hormone metabolism that have their effect on risk later in life. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2007;16(9):1700 -12)

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“…At birth, female newborns have consistently been found to have higher leptin levels than males. [74][75][76][77][78][79][80][81][82][83][84][85][86][87] Underlying causes might be the differential amount of fat tissue by gender, the role of the variable sex steroid milieus of the newborn and the heavier placental weight associated with female gender. 72 95 Later on, however, children born with IUGR have higher serum leptin levels than children with normal birth weight, which may indicate an adaptative leptin resistance response which is beneficial for the catch-up growth of these children.…”

Section: Sociodemographic Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determinants of Early Life Leptin Levels and Later Life Degenerative Outcomes

Alexe¹,

Syridou²,

Petridou³

2006

Clinical Medicine & Research

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The early (intrauterine and neonatal) life environment plays an important role in programming the susceptibility in later life to chronic degenerative diseases, such as obesity, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, cancer and osteoporosis.Among other hormones, leptin plays a major role in the regulation of the overall metabolism and has multiple neuroendocrine (adeno-and neuro-hypophysis axes and the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis) and immune functions.The hormone exerts its actions beginning in the early life time period, regulating the intrauterine and early extrauterine life growth and development, as well as the adaptation to extrauterine life, neonatal thermogenesis and response to stress. Recent findings also support a role of leptin in the process of fetal bone remodeling and brain development.Therefore, it is of interest to explore the physiology of leptin in early life, as well as those factors that may perturb the balance of the hormone with pathological consequences in terms of confining an increased risk for disease in later life.This review aims to summarize reported findings concerning the role of leptin in early life, as well as the association of fetal, maternal and placental factors with leptin levels, while attempting to speculate mechanisms through which these factors may influence the risk for developing chronic diseases in later life.

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Different Relationship Between Anthropometric Markers and Umbilical Cord Plasma Leptin in Asian and Caucasian Neonates

Cited by 12 publications

References 46 publications

Cord Serum Estrogens, Androgens, Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I, and Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein-3 in Chinese and U.S. Caucasian Neonates

Cord Serum Estrogens, Androgens, Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I, and Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein-3 in Chinese and U.S. Caucasian Neonates

Exploring the Underlying Hormonal Mechanisms of Prenatal Risk Factors for Breast Cancer: A Review and Commentary

Determinants of Early Life Leptin Levels and Later Life Degenerative Outcomes

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