Differential Effects of Green Tea Powders on the Protection of Brown Tsaiya and Kaiya Ducklings against Trichothecene T-2 Toxin Toxicity

Abstract

A 3-week feeding trial in a 3 × 2 × 2 factorial design was conducted with three concentrations (0, 0.5, and 5 mg/kg) of T-2 toxin (T-2) and two levels (0% and 0.5%) of green tea powder (GTP) supplements used in the diets of female brown Tsaiya ducklings (BTDs) and Kaiya ducklings (KDs), respectively. Breed had a significant effect on the growth performances and the relative weights of organs and carcass. In general, the growth performances of KDs were better than BTDs. The relative weights of organs and carcass of BTDs were typically heavier than those of KDs; however, the breast of KDs was heavier than those of BTDs. Both ducklings received 5 mg/kg of T-2 blended in the diet showed lower feed intake and body weight gain (BWG) in the second and the third week. The diet containing 5 mg/kg of T-2 and 0.5% GTP improved the BWG compared to those fed the diet supplemented with 5 mg/kg of T-2 without GTP in BTDs. Ducklings fed the diet containing 5 mg/kg of T-2 induced hypocalcemia and hypomagnesemia, as well as decreased concentrations of creatine phosphokinase and alkaline phosphatase. The concentrations of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT) were increased in KDs and BTDs fed the diet containing 5 mg/kg of T-2 without GTP, respectively. However, duckling diets containing 5 mg/kg of T-2 with 0.5% GTP lowered concentrations of BUN and GOT in the blood plasma of KDs and BTDs, respectively. The diet containing 5 mg/kg of T-2 increased the relative kidney weight but decreased the relative breast weight of ducklings. Enlarged gizzards and reduced relative leg weights were observed in BTDs fed the diets containing 5 mg/kg of T-2. In summary, BTDs are more sensitive than KDs in responding to T-2 toxicity and GTP detoxification. Green tea powder has detoxification ability and could potentially mitigate T-2 toxicity on BWG, BUN, and GOT in ducklings.

Effects of T-2 toxin on growth performance, feather quality, tibia development and blood parameters in Yangzhou goslings

“…Atrophy of the liver, spleen, gizzard, and bursa and the elevated organ indexes of the heart, lungs, kidneys, proventriculus, and pancreas, as well as the weight loss of the jejunum, ileum, cecum, and rectum, and the descended organ indexes of the ileum, cecum, and the shortened lengths of the ileum, cecum, and rectum were observed. Interestingly, these results are similar to those of previous studies, especially in chicks ( Rezar et al, 2007 ; Manafi et al, 2015 ) and ducklings ( Rafai et al, 2000 ; Tso et al, 2021 ).…”

“…In this study, the growth performance of goslings was significantly reduced by 21-d T-2 toxin consumption, including FI, BW, BWG, SL, and SLG, as well as by the delay of organ development. The lower growth performance under T-2 toxin toxicity in goslings was consistent with the changes observed in male broiler chicks ( Wei et al, 2019 ), White Roman geese ( Lin et al, 2018 ) and Brown Tsaiya and Kaiya ducklings ( Tso et al, 2021 ). The effect of T-2 toxin on growth performance and health clearly depends on animal age, dosage, and exposure time ( Li et al, 2011 ; Janik et al, 2021 ).…”

“…Therefore, the causes and relationships between BUN, UA, and renal injury of T-2 toxin require further research in the future. In addition, serum ALB, GLOB, and A/G remained unchanged, whereas TP increased with T-2 toxin contamination in diets, which is inconsistent with earlier findings ( Pande et al, 2006 ; Manafi et al, 2015 ; Tso et al, 2021 ), which were accompanied by decreased serum TP, ALB, and GLOB under hepatic injury and immunosuppression. Here, it appeared not to be a direct result of protein synthesis inhibition or immunosuppression, but a slight stimulatory effect.…”

The Effects of T-2 Toxin, Deoxynivalenol, and Fumonisin B1 on Oxidative Stress-Related Genes in the Kidneys of Laying Hens

“…Exposure to T-2 toxin (0.5 mg/kg feed) induces pathological alterations in the kidneys of poultry, characterized by an increase in relative kidney weight, elevated blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels, and the presence of vacuolar degeneration in the tubular epithelium, often accompanied by pyknotic nuclei. These observations suggest impaired renal function and have been documented in ducklings and chicks [ 5 , 6 ]. In addition, sporadic cases of renal necrosis have been reported [ 7 ].…”

Can Red Yeast (Sporidiobolus pararoseus) Be Used as a Novel Feed Additive for Mycotoxin Binders in Broiler Chickens?

“…The most effective methods for minimizing mycotoxin harm in animal husbandry use particular materials that adsorb mycotoxins, thus limiting their bioavailability in the body [ 19 ]. These substances, including inorganic adsorbents (e.g., clays, bentonites, aluminosilicates), natural phytochemicals from plants [ 20 , 21 ], and organic compounds (e.g., yeast or bacterial cell walls), were very effective against aflatoxigenic, ochratoxigenic fungi, and AF and OTA accumulation in maize-based mediums and they can efficiently bind with AFB1 [ 22 ]. Clays are porous, inorganic materials that contain silicate tetrahedron rings.…”