Differential evolution based prediction of rain attenuation over a LOS terrestrial link situated in the southern United Kingdom

Develı, İbrahim

doi:10.1029/2006rs003615

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…This model [38] was tested utilizing the Differential Evolution Approach (DEA) optimization technique at 97 GHz on a terrestrial link in the United Kingdom (UK). The model was used to show the nonlinear relationship between the inputs (rainfall rate and percentage of time) and outputs (rainfall rate and percentage of time) (rain attenuation) given in Equation (61):…”

Section: Develi Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several researchers over the years have developed novel models and methods, in some instances modifying existing ones for estimating rain rates across various frequencies and climatic locations [37][38][39][40][41][42][43]; notably, the ITU-R has also developed a couple of models [44,45]. It is worthy to note that some of the climatic variables such as wind speed, rainfall intensity, frequency, polarization, path length, temperature, humidity, etc., have impending effects on rain attenuation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Review on Rain Signal Attenuation Modeling, Analysis and Validation Techniques: Advances, Challenges and Future Direction

et al. 2022

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Radio waves are attenuated by atmospheric phenomena such as snow, rain, dust, clouds, and ice, which absorb radio signals. Signal attenuation becomes more severe at extremely high frequencies, usually above 10 GHz. In typical equatorial and tropical locations, rain attenuation is more prevalent. Some established research works have attempted to provide state-of-the-art reviews on modeling and analysis of rain attenuation in the context of extremely high frequencies. However, the existing review works conducted over three decades (1990 to 2022), have not adequately provided comprehensive taxonomies for each method of rain attenuation modeling to expose the trends and possible future research directions. Also, taxonomies of the methods of model validation and regional developmental efforts on rain attenuation modeling have not been explicitly highlighted in the literature. To address these gaps, this paper conducted an extensive literature survey on rain attenuation modeling, methods of analyses, and model validation techniques, leveraging the ITU-R regional categorizations. Specifically, taxonomies in different rain attenuation modeling and analysis areas are extensively discussed. Key findings from the detailed survey have shown that many open research questions, challenges, and applications could open up new research frontiers, leading to novel findings in rain attenuation. Finally, this study is expected to be reference material for the design and analysis of rain attenuation.

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Section: Develi Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on Rain Signal Attenuation Modeling, Analysis and Validation Techniques: Advances, Challenges and Future Direction

et al. 2022

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“…where the σ ξ is given by Equation ( 46) This model [80] is based on the Differential evolution approach (DEA) optimization technique and experimentally tested at 97 GHz on terrestrial link in the United Kingdom (UK). The steps of the DEA attenuation model are as follows:…”

Section: Chebil Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Survey of Rain Attenuation Prediction Models for Terrestrial Links—Current Research Challenges and State-of-the-Art

Samad

Diba

Choi

2021

Sensors

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Millimeter-wave (30–300 GHz) frequency is a promising candidate for 5G and beyond wireless networks, but atmospheric elements limit radio links at this frequency band. Rainfall is the significant atmospheric element that causes attenuation in the propagated wave, which needs to estimate for the proper operation of fade mitigation technique (FMT). Many models have been proposed in the literature to estimate rain attenuation. Various models have a distinct set of input parameters along with separate estimation mechanisms. This survey has garnered multiple techniques that can generate input dataset for the rain attenuation models. This study extensively investigates the existing terrestrial rain attenuation models. There is no survey of terrestrial rain mitigation models to the best of our knowledge. In this article, the requirements of this survey are first discussed, with various dataset developing techniques. The terrestrial links models are classified, and subsequently, qualitative and quantitative analyses among these terrestrial rain attenuation models are tabulated. Also, a set of error performance evaluation techniques is introduced. Moreover, there is a discussion of open research problems and challenges, especially the exigency for developing a rain attenuation model for the short-ranged link in the E-band for 5G and beyond networks.

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“…Moreover, the DE algorithm uses only a few control parameters and these remain fixed throughout the entire optimization procedure. The DE algorithm has been rapidly gaining in wide acceptance and has already been used in different areas of wireless communications such as prediction of the rain attenuation in millimeter wave radio propagation 22, synthesis of uniform amplitude thinned phased linear arrays 23, sidelobe level reduction on a planar array 24, filter design problems 25–28, synthesis of coplanar strip lines 29, optimization of the difference patterns for monopulse antennas 30, design of optimum gain pyramidal horn antennas, 31 and pattern synthesis 32.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimum antenna configuration in MIMO systems: a differential evolution based approach

Develı¹,

Yazlik²

2012

Wireless Communications

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In this paper, we address the problem of determining the optimum antenna configuration for a multi-input multi-output (MIMO) system at any given signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). We used two-level differential evolution (DE) algorithm that finds both an appropriate expression among a set of candidate expressions within the list of the optimization software used, and the parameter values (coefficients) belonging to the selected expression. The results of the proposed expression are compared with the results of high SNR approximation, asymptotic approach and optimum antenna number ratios. It is shown that the numerical outcomes produced by the new expression exhibit very good agreement with the optimum antenna number ratios, and this agreement is almost independent of the specific value of SNR.

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Differential evolution based prediction of rain attenuation over a LOS terrestrial link situated in the southern United Kingdom

Cited by 7 publications

References 16 publications

A Review on Rain Signal Attenuation Modeling, Analysis and Validation Techniques: Advances, Challenges and Future Direction

A Review on Rain Signal Attenuation Modeling, Analysis and Validation Techniques: Advances, Challenges and Future Direction

A Survey of Rain Attenuation Prediction Models for Terrestrial Links—Current Research Challenges and State-of-the-Art

Optimum antenna configuration in MIMO systems: a differential evolution based approach

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