Differential Expression and Localization of Early Light-Induced Proteins in Arabidopsis

Heddad, Mounia; Norén, Hanna; Reiser, Verena; Dunaeva, Marina; Andersson, Bertil; Adamska, Iwona

doi:10.1104/pp.106.081489

Cited by 99 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…S6). It was previously suggested that the Arabidopsis homogentisic acid geranylgeranyl transferase, catalyzing the conjugation of tocochromanol and the isoprenoid side chain, preferentially uses phytyl-PP as a substrate, whereas the same enzyme from barley is able to produce both phytylated and geranylgeranylated tocochromanols (32). These results further support our conclusion that a lack of LIL3 leads to reduced GGR activity.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 81%

LIL3, a light-harvesting-like protein, plays an essential role in chlorophyll and tocopherol biosynthesis

Tanaka

Rothbart

Oka

et al. 2010

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

106

122

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The light-harvesting chlorophyll-binding (LHC) proteins are major constituents of eukaryotic photosynthetic machinery. In plants, six different groups of proteins, LHC-like proteins, share a conserved motif with LHC. Although the evolution of LHC and LHC-like proteins is proposed to be a key for the diversification of modern photosynthetic eukaryotes, our knowledge of the evolution and functions of LHC-like proteins is still limited. In this study, we aimed to understand specifically the function of one type of LHC-like proteins, LIL3 proteins, by analyzing Arabidopsis mutants lacking them. The Arabidopsis genome contains two gene copies for LIL3, LIL3:1 and LIL3:2. In the lil3:1/lil3:2 double mutant, the majority of chlorophyll molecules are conjugated with an unsaturated geranylgeraniol side chain. This mutant is also deficient in α-tocopherol. These results indicate that reduction of both the geranylgeraniol side chain of chlorophyll and geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate, which is also an essential intermediate of tocopherol biosynthesis, is compromised in the lil3 mutants. We found that the content of geranylgeranyl reductase responsible for these reactions was severely reduced in the lil3 double mutant, whereas the mRNA level for this enzyme was not significantly changed. We demonstrated an interaction of geranylgeranyl reductase with both LIL3 isoforms by using a split ubiquitin assay, bimolecular fluorescence complementation, and combined blue-native and SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. We propose that LIL3 is functionally involved in chlorophyll and tocopherol biosynthesis by stabilizing geranylgeranyl reductase.Arabidopsis | phytol | geranylgeranyl reductase | tetrapyrrole

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 81%

LIL3, a light-harvesting-like protein, plays an essential role in chlorophyll and tocopherol biosynthesis

Tanaka

Rothbart

Oka

et al. 2010

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

106

122

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“…As described previously, ELIP1 was more strongly induced by HL compared to ELIP2 (Heddad et al, 2006). APX2 was induced 6-fold and LHCB2.4 was reduced to less than 25% of the control.…”

Section: Exposure To High Light Results In Adaptive Changes Of the Trmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…The ELIP1, ELIP2, APX2, and LHCB2.4 genes all demonstrated a robust response to our HL exposure and they all encode key components of photosynthetic light stress response. In addition, the observed response to HL of these genes is well documented in plants exposed to somewhat different experimental, high irradiance conditions (Adamska et al, 1992;Karpinski et al, 1999;Kimura et al, 2001;Rossel et al, 2002;Vanderauwera et al, 2005;Heddad et al, 2006). Thus, these four genes Table I.…”

Section: Exposure To High Light Results In Adaptive Changes Of the Trmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome-Wide Gene Expression Analysis Reveals a Critical Role for CRYPTOCHROME1 in the Response of Arabidopsis to High Irradiance

et al. 2007

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Exposure to high irradiance results in dramatic changes in nuclear gene expression in plants. However, little is known about the mechanisms by which changes in irradiance are sensed and how the information is transduced to the nucleus to initiate the genetic response. To investigate whether the photoreceptors are involved in the response to high irradiance, we analyzed expression of EARLY LIGHT-INDUCIBLE PROTEIN1 (ELIP1), ELIP2, ASCORBATE PEROXIDASE2 (APX2), and LIGHT-HARVESTING CHLOROPHYLL A/B-BINDING PROTEIN2.4 (LHCB2.4) in the phytochrome A (phyA), phyB, cryptochrome1 (cry1), and cry2 photoreceptor mutants and long hypocotyl5 (hy5) and HY5 homolog (hyh) transcription factor mutants. Following exposure to high intensity white light for 3 h (1,000 mmol quanta m 22 s 21 ) expression of ELIP1/2 and APX2 was strongly induced and LHCB2.4 expression repressed in wild type. The cry1 and hy5 mutants showed specific misregulation of ELIP1/2, and we show that the induction of ELIP1/2 expression is mediated via CRY1 in a blue light intensity-dependent manner. Furthermore, using the Affymetrix Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) 24 K Gene-Chip, we showed that 77 of the high lightresponsive genes are regulated via CRY1, and 26 of those genes were also HY5 dependent. As a consequence of the misregulation of these genes, the cry1 mutant displayed a high irradiance-sensitive phenotype with significant photoinactivation of photosystem II, indicated by reduced maximal fluorescence ratio. Thus, we describe a novel function of CRY1 in mediating plant responses to high irradiances that is essential to the induction of photoprotective mechanisms. This indicates that high irradiance can be sensed in a chloroplast-independent manner by a cytosolic/nucleic component.

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“…observation that BBX22 regulates chloroplast development (Chang et al, 2008), genes regulated by BBX22 include ELIP1, ELIP2, CRY3/CRYD, and SIG5/SIGE, which encode chloroplast proteins (Yao et al, 2003;Tsunoyama et al, 2004;Heddad et al, 2006;Pokorny et al, 2008). ELIP1 and ELIP2, transiently induced by different qualities of light, encode thylakoid proteins functioning in chlorophyll biosynthesis (Casazza et al, 2005;Rossini et al, 2006).…”

Section: Bbx22 Influences Genes On Light Signaling and Hormone Responsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

COP1-Mediated Degradation of BBX22/LZF1 Optimizes Seedling Development in Arabidopsis

2011

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Light regulates multiple aspects of growth and development in plants. Transcriptomic changes govern the expression of signaling molecules with the perception of light. Also, the 26S proteasome regulates the accumulation of positive and negative regulators for optimal growth of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) in the dark, light, or light/dark cycles. BBX22, whose induction is both light regulated and HY5 dependent, is a positive regulator of deetiolation in Arabidopsis. We found that during skotomorphogenesis, the expression of BBX22 needs to be tightly regulated at both transcriptional and posttranslational levels. During photomorphogenesis, the expression of BBX22 transiently accumulates to execute its roles as a positive regulator. BBX22 protein accumulates to a higher level under short-day conditions and functions to inhibit hypocotyl elongation. The proteasome-dependent degradation of BBX22 protein is tightly controlled even in plants overexpressing BBX22. An analysis of BBX22 degradation kinetics shows that the protein has a short half-life under both dark and light conditions. COP1 mediates the degradation of BBX22 in the dark. Although dispensable in the dark, HY5 contributes to the degradation of BBX22 in the light. The constitutive photomorphogenic development of the cop1 mutant is enhanced in cop1BBX22ox plants, which show a short hypocotyl, high anthocyanin accumulation, and expression of light-responsive genes. Exaggerated light responsiveness is also observed in cop1BBX22ox seedlings grown under short-day conditions. Therefore, the proper accumulation of BBX22 is crucial for plants to maintain optimal growth when grown in the dark as well as to respond to seasonal changes in daylength.

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Differential Expression and Localization of Early Light-Induced Proteins in Arabidopsis

Cited by 99 publications

References 72 publications

LIL3, a light-harvesting-like protein, plays an essential role in chlorophyll and tocopherol biosynthesis

LIL3, a light-harvesting-like protein, plays an essential role in chlorophyll and tocopherol biosynthesis

Genome-Wide Gene Expression Analysis Reveals a Critical Role for CRYPTOCHROME1 in the Response of Arabidopsis to High Irradiance

COP1-Mediated Degradation of BBX22/LZF1 Optimizes Seedling Development in Arabidopsis

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