Differential expression of two t cell receptors, tcr1 and tcr2, on chicken lymphocytes

Chen, Chen-Io H.; Cihak, Josef; Lösch, U.; Cooper, Max D.

doi:10.1002/eji.1830180408

Cited by 177 publications

(79 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Similar to mice [86] and chickens [27], porcine γδ T cells are the earliest detectable T lymphocytes, developing first in the thymus at DG40 (Fig. 3C) and subsequently populating the periphery at DG45 (Figs.…”

Section: The Kinetic Of αβ and γδ T Cell Developmentmentioning

confidence: 78%

Development of the neonatal B and T cell repertoire in swine: implications for comparative and veterinary immunology

et al. 2006

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-Birth in all higher vertebrates is at the center of the critical window of development in which newborns transition from dependence on innate immunity to dependence on their own adaptive immunity, with passive maternal immunity bridging this transition. Therefore we have studied immunological development through fetal and early neonatal life. In swine, B cells appear earlier in fetal development than T cells. B cell development begins in the yolk sac at the 20th day of gestation (DG20), progresses to fetal liver at DG30 and after DG45 continues in bone marrow. The first wave of developing T cells is γδ cells expressing a monomorphic Vδ rearrangement. Thereafter, αβ T cells predominate and at birth, at least 19 TRBV subgroups are expressed, 17 of which appear highly homologous with those in humans. In contrast to the T cell repertoire and unlike humans and mice, the porcine pre-immune VH (IGHV-D-J) repertoire is highly restricted, depending primarily on CDR3 for diversity. The V-KAPPA (IGKV-J) repertoire and apparently also the V-LAMBDA (IGLV-J) repertoire, are also restricted. Diversification of the pre-immune B cell repertoire of swine and the ability to respond to both T-dependent and T-independent antigen depends on colonization of the gut after birth in which colonizing bacteria stimulate with Toll-like receptor ligands, especially bacterial DNA. This may explain the link between repertoire diversification and the anatomical location of primary lymphoid tissue like the ileal Peyers patches. Improper development of adaptive immunity can be caused by infectious agents like the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus that causes immune dysregulation resulting in immunological injury and autoimmunity.

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Section: The Kinetic Of αβ and γδ T Cell Developmentmentioning

confidence: 78%

Development of the neonatal B and T cell repertoire in swine: implications for comparative and veterinary immunology

et al. 2006

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“…Three avian TCR subclasses can be identified in the chicken with anti-chicken TCR antibodies. One of these is the γδ type TCR [16], the other two are αβ type TCR containing either Vβ1 or Vβ2 [4]. Vβ1 and Vβ2 T cells differ in their ontogeny [5,7,13] and function [5], with germinal center T cells expressing Vβ1 [5].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genomic Organization of the Chicken T-Cell Receptor .BETA. Chain D-J-C Region

Shigeta

Sato

Kawashima

et al. 2004

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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ABSTRACT. We examined overlapping genomic clones containing the chicken T cell receptor (TCR) Dβ-Jβ-Cβ complex, which contains a single diversity segment, four joining segments and four exons that encode the constant region. This sequence comprised 18.3 kb. All four Jβ sequences possessed typical recombination signal sequences (RSS) with intervening 12-bp spacers at their 5'-ends and splice sites at their 3'-ends. No Jβ-pseudogenes were identified. TGTG sequences in the RSS heptamer sequences were well conserved, as is the case in mammals. A chicken repeat 1-like sequence was found in the intron region between Jβ-1336 and Cβ, and several small repeat sequences were identified in intron regions throughout this cloned genome. As germline sequences revealed complete J β sequences, the CDR3 (complementarity-determining region) sequences of TCRβ from non-immunized splenocytes were analyzed. Non-coding (N) and palindromic (P) nucleotides were frequently observed at the Dβ-Jβ recombination sites. There were differences in length of deletion at the 5'-end of each Jβ. Deletion of the 5'-end of Jβ-1280 was particularly short when compared with that of Jβ-1336, but there were no changes in the length of the CDR3 using any of the four Jβ sequences. KEY WORDS: chicken, D segment, J segment, recombination, TCR.J. Vet. Med. Sci. 66(12): 1509-1515, 2004 The expression of antigen-specific receptor genes is a key event in lymphocyte maturation. T cell receptors (TCR) exist as heterodimers, either TCR αβ or γδ, each of which is specific for peptide antigens associated with either MHC class I or class II molecules. During T cell development in the thymus, the functional diversity of the TCR gene is facilitated by somatic recombination of germline sequences from a limited number of variable (V)-and joining (J)-segments in the TCR α-and γ-chains, and V-, diversity (D)-and J segments in the TCR β-and δ-chains.The TCR αβ-and γδ-proteins of chickens are similar to those of mammals. Previous cDNA and partial genomic studies have found that the TCRβ locus has two types of major Vβ gene families (Vβ1, and Vβ2), one Dβ, four Jβ segments and one Cβ [5]. In contrast to the Ig gene, Vβ pseudogenes have not yet been identified, and the four Jβ segments are similar.V, D, and J segments are flanked by recombination signal sequences (RSS) that are composed of conserved heptamers and nonamers flanking non-conserved 12-to 23-bp spacers. These RSS sequences are recognized by the RAG1/2 protein, which is followed by the initiation of the gene recombination reaction. For chicken TCRβ genes, there is no information on the genome sequence of the four Jβ genes, their orientation, or the RSS sequences, with the exception of one Vβ 23-RSS and Jβ-1340 12-RSS [17]. Thus, the non-coding (N) and palindromic (P) sequences at the recombination sites have not yet been analyzed accurately.In this report, we describe the 18.3 kb genomic segment that contains the chicken T cell receptor Dβ-Jβ-Cβ complexes, and demonstrate that N and P nucleotides were observed at the...

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“…Avian homologues of the mammalian a/3 and y5 TCRs can be identified with monoclonal antibodies. The chicken ySTCR is identified with the TCR1 antibody (2) and two types of af3TCR are identified in gallinaceous birds with the TCR2 and TCR3 antibodies (3)(4)(5). The key to this unexpected finding is provided by the recent cloning of genes in the chicken TCR X3 locus.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

T cells expressing the V beta 1 T-cell receptor are required for IgA production in the chicken.

Cihak

Hoffmann-Fezer

Ziegler-Heibrock

et al. 1991

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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While afi T cells in mammals may express one of many variable (V) gene families in the 13 had greater than normal numbers of Vp2' T cells and appeared as healthy as thymectomized and untreated controls. While production of IgM and IgG antibodies was unimpaired, IgA antibody production was severely compromised in the Vpldepleted birds. The levels of secretory IgA in bile and lung lavage fluid were reduced 1000-to 10,000-fold and secretory IgA antibodies were not produced in response to mucosal immunization. B-cell production of IgA antibodies thus appears to require T cells expressing the Vp1 genes, whereas T cells that express the Vp2 genes lack this capacity.Most of the T cells in mammals express an antigen receptor composed of a and , f chains, while the others express a T-cell receptor (TCR) composed of 'y and 8 subunits (1). Avian homologues of the mammalian a/3 and y5 TCRs can be identified with monoclonal antibodies. The chicken ySTCR is identified with the TCR1 antibody (2) and two types of af3TCR are identified in gallinaceous birds with the TCR2 and TCR3 antibodies (3)(4)(5). The key to this unexpected finding is provided by the recent cloning of genes in the chicken TCR X3 locus. This P locus contains two variable (V) gene families, one diversity (D) gene, four joining (J) genes, and a single constant region (C) gene (6). Chicken a3 T cells therefore may express either V91 or V,2 genes, the products of which can be recognized, respectively, by the TCR2 and TCR3 antibodies (7). While there is little sequence homology (30%) between the Vp1 and Vp2 genes, members within the two families are very similar (>95% homology). Thus, to an even greater extent than in mammals, which have many Va gene families (1), TCR(3 diversity in birds is generated primarily by junctional variations created by V-D-Jp splicing and insertion of nonencoded nucleotides (6). Interestingly, the numerous Va genes in mammals can be assigned to two superfamilies on the basis of invariant sequences (8): V91 superfamily gene members encode an arginine at position 64 and aspartic acid at position 86 to form a salt bridge between these residues, while V,2 genes instead feature an invariant codon for tyrosine at position 65. These features are retained in the chicken V91 and Vp2 genes, respectively (6).The chicken therefore provides a relatively simple model for study of the functional roles of acB T cells by using the two prototype Va genes. In earlier studies, we found that development ofthe TCR2 thymocyte population can be selectively inhibited by embryonic administration of the TCR2 (V,81 specific) monoclonal antibody (9, 10). When this antibody treatment is combined with surgical removal of the thymus after hatching, sustained suppression of the TCR2 cell population can be achieved in young birds. In the present study, we confirmed the selective suppression of TCR2' cells and observed a profound effect of this treatment on the integrity of mucosal immunity. MATERIALS AND METHODSChickens. Chickens hatched from fertile outbred Wh...

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Differential expression of two t cell receptors, tcr1 and tcr2, on chicken lymphocytes

Cited by 177 publications

References 33 publications

Development of the neonatal B and T cell repertoire in swine: implications for comparative and veterinary immunology

Development of the neonatal B and T cell repertoire in swine: implications for comparative and veterinary immunology

Genomic Organization of the Chicken T-Cell Receptor .BETA. Chain D-J-C Region

T cells expressing the V beta 1 T-cell receptor are required for IgA production in the chicken.

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