Differential gene expression in lymphocytes from malnourished children

González, Cristina; Gonzalez, H. G.; Rodrı́guez, Leonor; Cortés, Leticia; Nájera, Oralia; Hernández-Hernández, Fidel de la Cruz; Flores, L. Díaz; Bonilla, Edmundo

doi:10.1016/j.cellbi.2006.02.011

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Other indicators of functional differences were higher density [200], different pattern of gene expression [201], and more markers of apoptosis in lymphocytes of malnourished children [92] [202].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Immune System in Children with Malnutrition—A Systematic Review

et al. 2014

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BackgroundMalnourished children have increased risk of dying, with most deaths caused by infectious diseases. One mechanism behind this may be impaired immune function. However, this immune deficiency of malnutrition has not previously been systematically reviewed.ObjectivesTo review the scientific literature about immune function in children with malnutrition.MethodsA systematic literature search was done in PubMed, and additional articles identified in reference lists and by correspondence with experts in the field. The inclusion criteria were studies investigating immune parameters in children aged 1–60 months, in relation to malnutrition, defined as wasting, underweight, stunting, or oedematous malnutrition.ResultsThe literature search yielded 3402 articles, of which 245 met the inclusion criteria. Most were published between 1970 and 1990, and only 33 after 2003. Malnutrition is associated with impaired gut-barrier function, reduced exocrine secretion of protective substances, and low levels of plasma complement. Lymphatic tissue, particularly the thymus, undergoes atrophy, and delayed-type hypersensitivity responses are reduced. Levels of antibodies produced after vaccination are reduced in severely malnourished children, but intact in moderate malnutrition. Cytokine patterns are skewed towards a Th2-response. Other immune parameters seem intact or elevated: leukocyte and lymphocyte counts are unaffected, and levels of immunoglobulins, particularly immunoglobulin A, are high. The acute phase response appears intact, and sometimes present in the absence of clinical infection. Limitations to the studies include their observational and often cross-sectional design and frequent confounding by infections in the children studied.ConclusionThe immunological alterations associated with malnutrition in children may contribute to increased mortality. However, the underlying mechanisms are still inadequately understood, as well as why different types of malnutrition are associated with different immunological alterations. Better designed prospective studies are needed, based on current understanding of immunology and with state-of-the-art methods.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Immune System in Children with Malnutrition—A Systematic Review

et al. 2014

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“…Cytokine mRNA quantification is widely used to investigate cytokine profiles, particularly in small samples where transcripts such as cytokine mRNAs are lowly expressed [9]. Currently, few studies exist that show that the PCM is related to changes in the expression of genes; some studies have been done in animals [10][11][12], and only one has been done with human lymphocytes [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%