Differential serological and neutralizing antibody dynamics after an infection by a single SARS-CoV-2 strain

Billon-Denis, Emmanuelle; Ferrier-Rembert, Audrey; Garnier, Annabelle; Cheutin, Laurence; Vigne, Clarisse; Tessier, Émilie; Denis, J; Badaut, Cyril; Rougeaux, Clémence; Wuille, Anne Depeille; Timera, Hawa; Boutin, Laet itia; Drouet, Isabelle; Verguet, Noémie; Nolent, Flora; Gorgé, Olivier; Ferraris, Olivier; Tournier, Jean Nicolas

doi:10.1007/s15010-020-01556-8

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The correlation between anti-RBD antibody levels and NAbs remains unclear as there are contradictory reports on their association. Billon-Denis et al [ 62 ] studied two patients—one who presented with a strong anti-RBD IgG immune response that correlated with a low and rapidly waning NAb titre, whereas the other had strong IgG anti-RBD immune response, but high NAb titres. Hence, they propose that other host factors (e.g.…”

Section: Production Of Neutralising Antibodiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding neutralising antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 and their implications in clinical practice

et al. 2021

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SARS-CoV-2 is a newly identified member of the coronavirus family that has caused the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. This rapidly evolving and unrelenting SARS-CoV-2 has disrupted the lives and livelihoods of millions worldwide. As of 23 August 2021, a total of 211,373,303 COVID-19 cases have been confirmed globally with a death toll of 4,424,341. A strong understanding of the infection pathway of SARS-CoV-2, and how our immune system responds to the virus is highly pertinent for guiding the development and improvement of effective treatments. In this review, we discuss the current understanding of neutralising antibodies (NAbs) and their implications in clinical practice. The aspects include the pathophysiology of the immune response, particularly humoral adaptive immunity and the roles of NAbs from B cells in infection clearance. We summarise the onset and persistence of IgA, IgM and IgG antibodies, and we explore their roles in neutralising SARS-CoV-2, their persistence in convalescent individuals, and in reinfection. Furthermore, we also review the applications of neutralising antibodies in the clinical setting—from predictors of disease severity to serological testing to vaccinations, and finally in therapeutics such as convalescent plasma infusion.

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Section: Production Of Neutralising Antibodiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding neutralising antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 and their implications in clinical practice

et al. 2021

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“…For example, in the study of COVID-19 convalescent individuals (n = 149), the correlation coefficient of only 0.64 was obtained for nAb levels and anti-RBD antibodies levels, with the appearance of a large subset of nAb-negative samples, possessing medium to high anti-RBD Ab titers [9]. This limited correlation is based on the variance of humoral immune response rise and decline between individuals [10], despite the generation of natural nAb clones mainly as the anti-RBD antibodies [11]. (B) Schematic diagram of SARS-CoV-2 spike and ACE-2 receptor proteins structures-WT full length and truncated recombinant proteins.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fast and Accurate Surrogate Virus Neutralization Test Based on Antibody-Mediated Blocking of the Interaction of ACE2 and SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein RBD

et al. 2022

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The humoral response to the SARS-CoV-2 S protein determines the development of protective immunity against this infection. The standard neutralizing antibodies detection method is a live virus neutralization test. It can be replaced with an ELISA-based surrogate virus neutralization test (sVNT), measuring the ability of serum antibodies to inhibit complex formation between the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the S protein and the cellular ACE2 receptor. There are conflicting research data on the sVNT methodology and the reliability of its results. We show that the performance of sVNT dramatically improves when the intact RBD from the Wuhan-Hu-1 virus variant is used as the plate coating reagent, and the HRP-conjugated soluble ACE2 is used as the detection reagent. This design omits the pre-incubation step in separate tubes or separate microplate and allows the simple quantification of the results using the linear regression, utilizing only 3–4 test sample dilutions. When this sVNT was performed for 73 convalescent plasma samples, its results showed a very strong correlation with VNT (Spearman’s Rho 0.83). For the RBD, bearing three amino acid substitutions and corresponding to the SARS-CoV-2 beta variant, the inhibitory strength was diminished for 18 out of 20 randomly chosen serum samples, and the magnitude of this decrease was not similar to the change in overall anti-RBD IgG level. The sVNT assay design with the ACE2-HRP is preferable over the assay with the RBD-HRP reagent and is suitable for mass screening of neutralizing antibodies titers.

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“…27,28 The underlying causes of rapid waning of vaccine induced anti-SARS-CoV-2 RBD total antibody remains to be determined. However, several studies reported that waning titres have been associated with IgG anti-RBD immune response 29,30 and neutralizing capacity was positively correlated with IgG antibody titres. 31 Furthermore, the loss of short-lived plasma cells has been considered the cause of initial rapid waning of antibodies in SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals in general, while establishment of long-lived plasma was thought to contribute to the elevation of antibody level.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Waning anti-SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain total antibody in CoronaVac-vaccinated individuals in Indonesia

et al. 2023

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Background: The decrease of immunity acquired from COVID-19 vaccines is a potential cause of breakthrough infection. Understanding the dynamics of immune responses of vaccine-induced antibodies post-vaccination is important. This study aimed to measure the level of anti-SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain (RBD) total antibody in individuals at different time points upon the receipt of the second dose of CoronaVac vaccine, as well as evaluate the plausible associated factors. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among CoronaVac-vaccinated residents in Banda Aceh, Indonesia. The level of anti-SARS-CoV-2 RBD total antibody was measured using Elecsys immunoassay. A set of standardized and validated questionnaires were used to assess the demographics and other associated factors. Results: Our results showed waning anti-SARS-CoV-2 RBD total antibody titres over time post-vaccination. Compared to samples of the first month post-vaccination, the antibody titres were significantly lower than those of five-months (mean 184.6 vs. 101.8 U/mL, p = 0.009) and six-months post-vaccination (mean 184.6 vs. 95.59 U/mL, p = 0.001). This suggests that the length of time post-vaccination was negatively correlated with titre of antibody. A protective level of antibody titres (threshold of 15 U/mL) was observed from all the samples vaccinated within one to three months; however, only 73.7% and 78.9% of the sera from five- and six-months possessed the protective titres, respectively. The titre of antibody was found significantly higher in sera of individuals having a regular healthy meal intake compared to those who did not (mean 136.7 vs. 110.4 U/mL, p = 0.044), including in subgroup analysis that included those five to six months post-vaccination only (mean 79.0 vs. 134.5 U/mL, p = 0.009). Conclusions: This study provides insights on the efficacy of CoronaVac vaccine in protecting individuals against SARS-CoV-2 infection over time, which may contribute to future vaccination policy management to improve and prolong protective strategy.

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Differential serological and neutralizing antibody dynamics after an infection by a single SARS-CoV-2 strain

Cited by 8 publications

References 15 publications

Understanding neutralising antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 and their implications in clinical practice

Understanding neutralising antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 and their implications in clinical practice

Fast and Accurate Surrogate Virus Neutralization Test Based on Antibody-Mediated Blocking of the Interaction of ACE2 and SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein RBD

Waning anti-SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain total antibody in CoronaVac-vaccinated individuals in Indonesia

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