Differential Toxicity and Environmental Fates of Hexachlorocyclohexane Isomers

Willett, Kristine L.; Ulrich, Elin M.; Hites, Ronald A.

doi:10.1021/es9708530

Cited by 821 publications

(481 citation statements)

References 128 publications

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“…5-12% b-HCH, 10-12% g-HCH, 6-10% d-HCH and 3-4% e-HCH (Willett et al, 1998). Owing to its relatively high cost, lindane (up to 99% g-HCH isomer) was not widely used in China.…”

Section: Exposure To Ocpsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure to organochlorine pesticides is an independent risk factor of hepatocellular carcinoma: A case–control study

Zhao

Shen

Liu

et al. 2011

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

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Primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is highly prevalent in China. Although hepatitis B virus (HBV) and aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) are considered the major risk factors, among the high-risk cohorts only a small fraction develops liver cancer. Therefore, we investigated whether organochlorine pesticide exposure contributed to HCC risk in the Xiamen population. The questionnaire database was built from 346 HCC cases and 961 healthy controls during [2007][2008][2009]. The serum levels of a-, b-, g-, d-HCH, 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis (p-chlorophenyl) ethane (p,p 0 -DDT), (1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis (p-chlorophenyl) ethylene (p,p 0 -DDE), 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis (o-chlorophenyl) ethane and 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis (p-chlorophenyl) ethane were measured by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometer, and statistical analysis was done using SPSS16. Significantly, we observed p,p 0 -DDT and p,p 0 -DDE, and at the first time b-HCH displayed quartile dose-dependent HCC risk trends; p,p 0 -DDT showed positive (i.e., synergistic) interactions with HBV, diabetes mellitus, AFB1 and polyaromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) exposure, but negative (i.e., antagonistic) interaction with heavy drinking; p,p 0 -DDE had positive interaction with PAH but negative interaction with HBV and p,p 0 -DDT; and b-HCH positively interacted with p,p 0 -DDT but negatively interacted with heavy drinking and diabetes. p,p 0 -DDT, p,p 0 -DDE and b-HCH were independent HCC risk factors. Because of their synergistic interactions with other factors, the high-level exposure combined with common AFB1 and HBV exposure in the investigated area may greatly enhance the risk of HCC.

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“…5-12% b-HCH, 10-12% g-HCH, 6-10% d-HCH and 3-4% e-HCH (Willett et al, 1998). Owing to its relatively high cost, lindane (up to 99% g-HCH isomer) was not widely used in China.…”

Section: Exposure To Ocpsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure to organochlorine pesticides is an independent risk factor of hepatocellular carcinoma: A case–control study

Zhao

Shen

Liu

et al. 2011

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

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“…The properties of lower vapor pressure and less degradable of h-HCH relative to other HCHs accounted for the elevated percentage of h-HCH. After long time aging, a-and g-HCH could be transformed into h-HCH (Willett et al, 1998;Walker, 1999). DDT can be biodegraded to DDE under aerobic condition and to DDD under anaerobic condition, the relative concentration of the parent DDT compound and its metabolites, DDD and DDE, can be used as indicative indices for assessing the possible pollution sources (Doong et al, 2002).…”

Section: Compositions Of Hch and Ddtmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence and distribution of organochlorine pesticides (HCH and DDT) in sediments collected from East China Sea

Yang

Jiang

Zhou

et al. 2005

Environment International

138

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Sediments used in this study were collected from different depths of eight sites in East China Sea in November 2002. The levels and distribution patterns of the selected organochlorine pesticides (OCPs = p,pV-DDT, o,pV-DDT, p,pV-DDE, p,pV-DDD, a-, h-, g-and y-HCH) in samples were investigated by the technique of sonication extraction followed by the analysis of gas chromatography (GC) coupled with a micro-electron capture detector (AECD). The concentrations of AHCH and ADDT in the surface sediments were in the range of < 0.05 -1.45 ng/g (mean 0.76 ng/g), < 0.06 -6.04 ng/g (mean 3.05 ng/g) based on dry weight (dw), respectively. In the vertical distributions, the AHCH and ADDT were in the range of < 0.05 -2.52 ng/g, < 0.06 -10.94 ng/g dw, respectively. Residues of OCPs varied significantly with different sampling sites. ADDT in the surface sediments was correlated well with total organic carbon (TOC) content (r 2 = 0.71), while AHCH showed no obvious correlation. The distribution showed that the sediments from the vicinity estuary or near shore had higher TOC contents, and higher OCPs concentrations. The contamination record indicated an extensive use of OCPs in the catchments from Yangtze River in the past might greatly affect the OCP residues. D

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“…The major process controlling removal rate of lindane in soils is volatilization. Due to its physico-chemical properties and its relatively high solubility and low polarity compared to other organochlorines, y-HCH can be detected in all environmental compartments, including water, sediments, air and biota (Willett et al, 1998), where it tends to accumulate. Lindane enters surface water as a result of runoff from agricultural land.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A GIS model-based assessment of the environmental distribution of γ-hexachlorocyclohexane in European soils and waters

Vizcaino¹,

Pistocchi²

2010

Environmental Pollution

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Keywords: y-HCH Lindane Modelling Environmental concentrations Surface watersThe MAPPE GIS based multimedia model is used to produce a quantitative description of the behaviourof Y-hexachlorocyclohexane (y-HCH) in Europe, with emphasis on continental surface waters. The model is found to reasonably reproduce y-HCH distributions and variations along the years in atmosphere and soil; for continental surface waters, concentrations were reasonably well predicted for year 1995, when lindane was still used in agriculture, while for 2005, assuming severe restrictions in use, yields to substantial underestimation. Much better results were yielded when same mode of reléase as in 1995 was considered, supporting the conjecture that for y-HCH, emission data rather that model structure and parameterization can be responsible for wrong estimation of concentrations. Future research should be directed to improve the quality of emission data. Joint interpretation of monitoring and modelling results, highlights that lindane emissions in Europe, despite the marked decreasing trend, persist beyond the provisions of existing legislation.

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Differential Toxicity and Environmental Fates of Hexachlorocyclohexane Isomers

Cited by 821 publications

References 128 publications

Exposure to organochlorine pesticides is an independent risk factor of hepatocellular carcinoma: A case–control study

Exposure to organochlorine pesticides is an independent risk factor of hepatocellular carcinoma: A case–control study

Occurrence and distribution of organochlorine pesticides (HCH and DDT) in sediments collected from East China Sea

A GIS model-based assessment of the environmental distribution of γ-hexachlorocyclohexane in European soils and waters

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