Differential Toxicological Interaction among Arsenic, Cadmium, Lead, and Mercury on MCF 7 Cell Line

Abstract

Evaluation of joint toxic action of metal ion mixtures is one of the priority research areas due to the simultaneous occurrence of metals in the environment and the health risk they posed to humans and the environment as a mixture. Individual and composite mixture acute toxicities of arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), and lead (Pb), which are among the top eight toxic chemicals, were characterized at varying concentrations. MCF 7 cell lines were exposed to individual and composite mixtures containing the four metal ions in the proportion of their EPA's MCL for 24 hours, and the concentration-response data were generated spectrofluorometrically. Acute toxicities were estimated based on the uptake of fluorescence diacetate dye. Toxicological interactions among the four metals were profiled, based on computed interactive index. Results demonstrated that the toxicity of each of the metal ions was enhanced in the composite mixture, and the metals demonstrated differential interactions in a concentration dependent manner. Lead, the least toxic among the four metals, showed the highest enhancement (23-to 64-fold) in toxicity when in the mixture. Interaction among the four metals was largely additive although there was slight departures form additivity at the two extremes of the concentration range.

A High Sensitivity Micro Format Chemiluminescence Enzyme Inhibition Assay for Determination of Hg(II)

“…This study on mixture of metal ion can be used as a supporting data for metal induced toxicity by mixture of heavy metal ions using the AlOx bioassay. Recent reports on metal induced toxicological interactions using the MCF 7 cell line [ 25 ] and the enzyme urease [ 19 ] also support the additive nature of heavy metal ion mixtures, as reported in this work.…”

“…The assay has been successfully extended for analysis of mixtures of Hg(II) along with Cd(II) and Pb(II). The inhibition patterns obtained are consistent with other reported studies using cell lines [ 25 ] and urease enzyme [ 19 ]. The developed method was applied to real samples such as drinking water and sea water samples with recoveries up to 110.52%.…”

“…Interference studies using Cd(II) and Pb(II) as model inhibitors were reported extensively in Hg(II) analysis [ 23 , 24 ]. Individual inhibition of AlOx by these ions gives the idea of their relative toxicity levels [ 25 ].…”

In-Vivo and In-Vitro Study of The Relation between Cadmium and Breast Cancer

“…They found that cadmium modified the morphological characters on all cell lines at doses higher than 10 µM. Meanwhile, Klutse et al (2009) studied the toxicological interactions among metals on MCF-7 cell line. Cells were exposed to individual and composite mixture of the toxic metals according to their MCLs (maximum contamination levels) for 24 hours, cadmium was the second most toxic metal to the mammary cells and toxicity was enhanced three times higher in the composite mixture; healthy controlled subjects and concluded that mean cadmium concentration in cancer patients did not differ significantly from healthy control; although it was found in high concentrations in both groups.…”

Experimental modeling of the acute toxicity and cytogenotoxic fate of composite mixtures of chromate, copper and arsenate oxides associated with CCA preservative using Clarias gariepinus (Burchell 1822)

“…Aquatic environment is particularly susceptible to the accumulation of Cr, Cu and As during leachability from CCA treated wood, howbeit, there is dearth of information on the potential joint action toxicity of the metals in eliciting morbidity and mortality, growth retardation and induction of genetic instability in aquatic vertebrates. An increasing area of research focus in recent times, is the assessment of interactive effects among individual metals; which may lead to eliciting greater or lesser toxicity in biological systems via synergistic, antagonistic and/or additive interactive mechanisms [26][27][28]. The report herein is the first to utilize multi-model approach and cytogenetic biomarker to investigate the possible joint action toxicity of oxides of Cr, Cu and As on aquatic vertebrates using Clarias gariepinus as a model organism.…”