Differentiation signatures in the Flora region

Abstract

Context. Most asteroid families are very homogeneous in physical properties. Some show greater diversity, however. The Flora family is the most intriguing of them. The Flora family is spread widely in the inner main belt, has a rich collisional history, and is one of the most taxonomically diverse regions in the main belt. As a result of its proximity to the asteroid (4) Vesta (the only currently known intact differentiated asteroid) and its family, migration between the two regions is possible. This dynamical path is one of the counter arguments to the hypothesis that there may be traces of a differentiated parent body other than Vesta in the inner main belt region. We here investigate the possibility that some of the V-and A-types (commonly interpreted as basaltoids and dunites -parts of the mantle and crust of differentiated parent bodies) in the Flora dynamical region are not dynamically connected to Vesta. Aims. The goal of this study is to investigate asteroids in the Flora dynamical region that may be witness to the differentiation of a parent body other than (4) Vesta. In particular, we aim at predicting which asteroids may be fragments of a differentiated body or bodies (taxonomical V-types). We also investigate their possible dynamical linkage to the nearby Vesta family. Methods. To predict the taxonomic types of asteroids we used the naive Bayes classifier. We studied their dynamical past through numerical integration including gravitational and Yarkovsky forces. Each asteroid was cloned, and average orbital elements were computed at each step. When possible, we used observationally constrained physical parameters for the thermal forces. Results. Most of the asteroids in the Flora region are predicted to originate from the S-complex (around 47.8%). Tens of asteroids with potentially differential origins are identified in the region, including 164 potential V-types. We investigated the dynamical evolution of selected objects to examine possible linkages of selected asteroids with the nearby Vesta family. In addition to the candidate differentiated objects, we also studied the dynamical evolution of those asteroids from the Flora family for which spectroscopic classification exist. In particular, we used all the physical parameters available for asteroid (809) Lundia to show that the asteroid is unlikely to originate in the Vesta region and that it resided on a stable orbit in the Flora dynamical region for at least 80 My. Its observationally constrained prograde rotation shows that asteroid (809) Lundia is unlikely to be a former Vesta family member. Conclusions. We found that the V-type candidates are plentiful in the Flora dynamical region. Dynamical investigations of selected objects showed that some of these objects were likely not connected to asteroid (4) Vesta and its family for at least 100 My. This adds another piece of evidence to the hypothesis that there are multiple differentiated parent bodies.

Physical and dynamical properties of the unusual V-type asteroid (2579) Spartacus

“…Generally the inner main belt is considered to be the main source region of meteorites. Oszkiewicz et al (2015) and Oszkiewicz et al (2017) show that some V-type prograde rotators in the inner main belt have Yarkovsky drift direction that is inconsistent with origin in the Vesta family and may represent parent bodies of those anomalous HEDs. Spectroscopic surveys of this region (Burbine et al 2001;Moskovitz et al 2010;Mayne et al 2011) have yet to unambiguously identify V-type asteroids that are not related to Vesta.…”

Survey of secular resonances in the asteroid belt

“…Here we will thus mention only a few more recent papers, including e.g. Nesvorný et al (2015), and Bolin et al (2017), who claim that they identified the family, while Oszkiewicz et al (2015) and Erasmus et al (2019) warn of a significant diversity in the taxonomy of asteroids in the region. Apart from Flora "family", only two more families are found in Zone 2: a somewhat dubious (see e.g.…”

Identification of asteroids using the Virtual Observatory: the WFCAM Transit Survey

“…Asteroid families, created by collisions, are a unique tool to study both the internal structure of their parent body, and the surface and dynamical evolution of their member, hence of the asteroid belt (DeMeo et al 2019;Spoto et al 2015;Oszkiewicz et al 2015). The Asteroids-Dynamic Site 9 (AstDyS-2) provides catalogues of the proper elements of the asteroids as well as of asteroid families and family membership obtained from the analysis of proper elements (see Milani et al 2014).…”