Digestion of Maltitol in Man, Rat, and Rabbit

Zunft, H.‐J.; Schulze, Joachim; Hv, Gärtner; Grütte, F.-K.

doi:10.1159/000176721

Cited by 20 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The liberated glucose molecules are absorbed virtually completely, whereas the liberated d -glucitol is incompletely absorbed, contributes to osmotic diarrhea, and is eventually subject to microbial fermentation in the gut. Zunft et al [44] showed already in 1983 that maltitol will be digested and utilized by man, rat, and rabbit. A daily application of 35 g maltitol to humans “did not influence the parameters of well-being, compatibility, and fecal state.”…”

Section: Also Disaccharide Sugar Alcohols May Cause Osmotic Diarrheamentioning

confidence: 99%

Gastrointestinal Disturbances Associated with the Consumption of Sugar Alcohols with Special Consideration of Xylitol: Scientific Review and Instructions for Dentists and Other Health-Care Professionals

Mäkinen

2016

International Journal of Dentistry

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Sugar alcohols (polyols) are used in food manufacturing and in medical tests and examinations. d-Glucitol (sorbitol) and d-mannitol were previously the most common alditols used for these purposes. After the 1960s, xylitol became a common ingredient in noncariogenic confectioneries, oral hygiene products, and diabetic food. Erythritol, a polyol of the tetritol type, can be regarded as the sweetener of the “next generation.” The disaccharide polyols maltitol, lactitol, and isomalt have also been used in food manufacturing and in medical tests. Consumption of pentitol- and hexitol-type polyols and disaccharide polyols may cause gastrointestinal disturbances at least in unaccustomed subjects. The occurrence of disturbances depends on consumer properties and on the molecular size and configuration of the polyol molecule. Adaptation may take place as a result of enzyme induction in the intestinal flora. Some of the literature on xylitol has been difficult to access by health-care professionals and will be reviewed here. Research and clinical field experience have found no pathology in polyol-associated osmotic diarrhea—the intestinal mucosa having normal basic structure, except in extreme instances. Xylitol is better tolerated than hexitols or the disaccharide polyols. Erythritol, owing to its smaller molecular weight and configuration that differ from other alditols, normally avoids the gastrointestinal reactions encountered with other polyols. This review will also touch upon the FODMAPs diet concept.

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Section: Also Disaccharide Sugar Alcohols May Cause Osmotic Diarrheamentioning

confidence: 99%

Gastrointestinal Disturbances Associated with the Consumption of Sugar Alcohols with Special Consideration of Xylitol: Scientific Review and Instructions for Dentists and Other Health-Care Professionals

Mäkinen

2016

International Journal of Dentistry

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“…The ma jority of these materials are polyols, or else contain polyols, and their gastro-intestinal effects at high lev els of intake, resulting from the lack of active ab sorptive mechanisms in mammals, are well known, leading to osmotic disturbance of water balance and increased water intake. Signs of this were more prom inent on a sorbitol regimen than with the same pro portion of Lycasin 80/55 in the diet, but it is still a factor to be taken into account in the formulation of foodstuffs containing Lycasin 80/55, which contains 8% of sorbitol and 53% of maltitol (table IV), even though the maltitol may be hydrolyzed enzymically and then digested [Zunft et al, 1983;Rosiers et al, 1985].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dental Effects of Lycasin® in the Diet of Laboratory Rats

Th¹

1988

Caries Res

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Lycasin® was included in diets fed to caries-active Osborne-Mendel rats for periods up to 8 weeks. The animals could tolerate up to 15–16% of Lycasin in dry-powder diets and up to 25% in pelleted diets before gastro-intestinal disturbance. Lycasin 80/55 at 25% in the diet was non-cariogenic, producing a very low level of caries, similar to that on a maize starch regimen and significantly below that on a sucrose regimen. At 16% in the diet D-sorbitol was even less cariogenic than Lycasin. Compared with the sucrose control, the reductions in caries scores were 89% on the sorbitol and 72% on the Lycasin 80/55 regimen.

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“…The published values for the Michaelis constant (K m ) and the maximum reaction rate (V max ) differ tremendously, probably because individual researchers have worked with substrates of varying purity [273].…”

Section: Maltitolmentioning

confidence: 99%