Digit ratio (2D:4D) and coronary artery disease in north Chinese women

Wang, Lu; Huo, Zhenghao; Hong, Lei; Bai, Chun-Yue; Li, Keke; Ma, Wenqian

doi:10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2017.11.007

Cited by 17 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Increasing differences between siblings with decreasing IBI below the expected evolutionary norm/optimum for our species (3‐4 years) indicates that some kind of stress might be imposed on the affected (subsequent order) fetuses, even in nutritionally and medically well supplemented populations, and that the stress is followed with some changes in the digit development. The prenatal stress explanation of sex‐atypical digit ratios might also be applied to some previous results, for example, lowered 2D:4D ratio in females with coronary artery disease (Wang et al, ) or high 2D:4D ratio in men with shorter neonatal crown‐heel length (Ronalds, Phillips, Godfrey, & Manning, ) or low birth weight (Danborno, Adebisi, Adelaiye, & Ojo, ). Whether the possible stress effect of short IBI is mediated by prenatal sex hormones remains a question.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Family effects on the digit ratio (2D:4D): The role of the interbirth interval

Králík

Hupková

Zeman

et al. 2019

American J Hum Biol

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Objectives: Family represents the closest social environment that immediately affects human ontogeny from an early prenatal period. This study aimed to assess sibship influences on the second-to-fourth digit length ratio (2D:4D ratio). Methods: The source sample represented 329 children aged 6.5 to 15.8 years (Czech Republic), including a subsample of 75 sibling pairs. A combination of (a) betweenfamily design (cross-sectional sample) and (b) within-family design (pairs of siblings) was used to study the effect of family variables and interbirth interval (IBI) on the 2D:4D ratio. Results: Birth order, number of siblings (except for younger sisters), and sex ratio in siblings were significantly related to the 2D:4D ratio on the right, left, or both hands.At the same time, the relationships were opposite in males and females for birth order, number of older brothers and number of children in the family--increasing values in these variables increased digit ratio in males but decreased digit ratio in females. Mean difference in 2D:4D ratio (DIFF) within pairs (older minus younger sibling) differed from zero only in the "older sister--younger brother" group, where DIFF did not depend on IBI. On the contrary, in remaining pair types the DIFF tended to change with IBI, the strongest in the "older brother--younger sister" pairs. Conclusions: Family variables, especially number of older brothers, should be considered as important confounding factors in 2D:4D ratio studies. However, the effect of these variables might be modified by IBI.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Family effects on the digit ratio (2D:4D): The role of the interbirth interval

Králík

Hupková

Zeman

et al. 2019

American J Hum Biol

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“…Bilgic et al compared male androgenic alopecia with healthy controls and found that the right hand 2D : 4D was lower in male with androgenic alopecia compared to healthy controls [8]. Wang et al compared patients with coronary artery disease and healthy controls and found that the 2D : 4D ratio was lower in patients with coronary artery disease than healthy controls [14]. A meta-analysis reported that a low 2D : 4D ratio is associated with prostate cancer and brain tumors and a high 2D : 4D ratio is associated with breast cancer and cervical dysplasia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can the Second to Fourth Digit Ratio (2D : 4D) Be a Marker to Determine Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity?

et al. 2019

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Objective. The length ratio of the index finger (2D) to the ring finger (4D) (2D : 4D ratio) is considered a biomarker of prenatal sex hormone exposure. The 2D : 4D ratio is influenced by prenatal androgen and estrogen levels. Because ankylosing spondylitis (AS) influences men more frequently and severely than women, androgens are proposed to be related to AS pathogenesis. Estrogens have immune-modulating effects and reduce AS disease activity. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between 2D : 4D ratio and AS disease activity. Material and Methods. In this study, 167 (43 female) patients diagnosed with AS were studied. The lengths of the second and fourth fingers were measured using a digital caliper. The 2D : 4D ratio was found by dividing the length of the second finger by the length of the fourth finger. AS disease activity was assessed with the Turkish version of the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI). AS functional status was assessed with Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index (BASFI). L-Schober, tragus to wall distance, finger to floor distance, and chest expansion were used to evaluate mobility. Results. In female patients, the right hand 2D : 4D ratios were higher than those in male patients. Biologic drug use was more frequent in males. The BASDAI scores were higher in female patients than in male patients. There were significant negative correlations between right and left hand 2D : 4D ratio and BASFI and BASDAI in female patients. There was no significant correlation between the 2D : 4D ratio and BASFI or BASDAI in male patients. We found a positive correlation between L-Schober and right hand 2D : 4D and a negative correlation between the left hand 2D : 4D ratio and finger to floor distance in female patients with AS. Conclusion. The 2D : 4D ratio of the right and left hand was low in female patients with high BASFI and BASDAI and low spinal mobility (L-Schober) was also linked to low female 2D : 4D. The lack of strong associations between 2D : 4D and AS in male patients may have resulted from their higher use of biologics.

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“…7 Six studies have reported a positive association between 2D:4D ratio and coronary artery disease, and 3 of these showed that the association was significant in males only, in agreement with our findings. [1][2][3][4]8,9 However, these studies did not take into account the potential influence of the age or other confounders on the positive relationship between digit ratio and coronary artery disease because regression analysis was not performed. The sex difference in digit ratio is more pronounced in the right hand, which suggests that the right hand ratio may be a more sensitive predictor of prenatal testosterone and estrogen exposure and more influenced by testosterone than the left hand ratio.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Digit ratio and hair color relationships with coronary atherosclerotic markers

Nafakhi

Al‐Mosawi

Mudhafar³

et al. 2019

Asian Cardiovasc Thorac Ann

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Objective We aimed to investigate the association between body phenotype markers and coronary atherosclerosis markers. Methods Eighty-nine patients (mean age 57 ± 9 years, 50.5% male) who were assessed for coronary artery disease by 64-slice multidetector computed tomography angiography were enrolled in the study. Results A significant positive association was observed between coronary artery calcification and the second to fourth digit ratio ( r = 0.2, p = 0.00); more notably in males compared to females ( p = 0.03 vs. p = 0.08). There was a significant association between coronary artery calcification and pure white hair ( p = 0.00). There was no significant association between pericardial fat volume and second to fourth digit ratio ( p = 0.8). Pericardial fat volume was significantly associated with pure white hair ( p = 0.02). A significant association was observed between coronary plaque and a higher second to fourth digit ratio ( p = 0.01) and this was more notable in males ( p = 0.04). A significant association was observed between pure white hair and coronary plaque ( p = 0.00). After adjustment for conventional cardiac risk factors, the association of coronary artery calcification and coronary plaque with the second to fourth digit ratio did not persist, whereas the association of pericardial fat volume and coronary artery calcification with pure white hair remained significant ( p = 0.01 and p = 0.00, respectively). Conclusion These results suggest a possible predictive value of hair color, rather than digit ratio, in assessing increased risk of coronary atherosclerosis and cardiac fat deposition.

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Digit ratio (2D:4D) and coronary artery disease in north Chinese women

Cited by 17 publications

References 23 publications

Family effects on the digit ratio (2D:4D): The role of the interbirth interval

Family effects on the digit ratio (2D:4D): The role of the interbirth interval

Can the Second to Fourth Digit Ratio (2D : 4D) Be a Marker to Determine Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity?

Digit ratio and hair color relationships with coronary atherosclerotic markers

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