Digital accessibility: A systematic Literature Review

Abstract

Today digital content has soared since the covid19 pandemic, no physical interaction, only digital operations, even in the education system and training. Learning moved towards the virtual classroom, and e-learning is now widely adopted. This transformation was a challenge for most people, especially people with disabilities. Although, despite the type of disability, digital content and services should be accessible, which means it includes considerations like compatibility with assistive technologies, using enough contrast for visually impaired users, providing understandable content, etc. Many studies have shown decades before covid19 the importance of digital accessibility, including guidelines, implementation and evaluation, design and methods. This systematic literature review of 204 studies exposes the different topics related to digital accessibility in previous studies.

Accessibility engineering in web evaluation process: a systematic literature review

“…Digital accessibility is a process to ensure the availability of online tools or content to the users [13]. The prime objective of digital accessibility is to make an accessible, operable, and interactable online platform to provide equal information accessing opportunities for people with disabilities [18,19].…”

“…(T 4 .) Assets for accessibility evaluation: (1) propose a hybrid evaluation approach for improving user experience [97]; (2) A hybrid evaluation process for accessibility, usability, quality and readability testing [93]; (3) A semiautomated evaluation process incorporating AChecker, Total Validator, WAVE and expert opinion to examine the webpage code [94]; (4) AChecker is an automated validator to analyze education cooperative websites to determine its accessibility considering disabilities [95]; (5) TAW is an automated validator to validate websites against the conformance of WCAG 2.0 [96]; (6) A simulator for visual, hearing and mobility impairment to visualize the accessibility issue associated with the particular disability [98]; (7) A semi-automated process considering axe Monitor, Pope Tech, Siteimprove, ARC with user feedback to validate websites accessibility [99]; (8) WAVE is an automated validator to validate the accessibility of COVID-19 vaccine registration portals [100]; (9) accessibility evaluation through comparative analysis using automatic accessibility testing protocols and statistical observation [101]; (10) AChecker is an automated validator to evaluate website accessibility [102]; (11) AChecker, Cynthia Says, and TAW are automated validators to validate website e-accessibility [103]; (12) A comparative analysis using Webaccessibility automated accessibility validator and statistical technique to validate the websites against WCAG 2.1 conformance guidelines [104]; (13) Google PageSpeed Insights, Blink Audit Tool, Backlink Checker, WAVE and Bulk are automated validator to assess and evaluate website quality [105]; (14) Achecker, TAW, Eval Access, MAUVE and FAE are automated validators to identify the accessibility issues of the selected websites [51].…”

“…Few studies discussed the importance of systematic literature review (SLR) approaches to present the true insights of a particular topic for highlighting future improvement directions [11][12][13]. Campoverde-Molina et al [14] mentioned that SLR is a synthesis process of past studies that have been published in different scientific databases focusing on a particular issue.…”

Increase digital health literacy with the practical implementation of an e-learning system according to WCAG compliance standards

“…According to the systematic literature review in [9] there is: a lack of e-learning studies addressing the issue of accessibility for people with cognitive impairments. These studies are mainly focused on design guidelines rather than effectiveness assessment.…”

“…These efforts have generally consisted of three approaches: 1) developing screen readers, 2) specialized Web browsers, and 3) Web design guidelines. Despite these efforts, there is still much to do in this field [9]. WCAG 1.0 were officially published by the World Wide Web Consortium, Web Accessibility Initiative, in 1999 to encourage Web accessibility [30].…”