Digital Horizontal Accuracy Assessment as Alternative Geospatial Data sources

Abstract

Accuracy requirements and data sources grow in tandem with advancements in GIS and remote sensing applications. In high advancement of GIS and Remote sensing application, the source of data is another problem going with parallel to them. The significance of geospatial data source is valuable worldwide. Especially some developing countries which don’t have their own satellite for image source have more faced the problem. This problem directly hinders the research that can be conducted by using this data. Ethiopia is one of the countries that countered with problems about this scarcity of geospatial and digital data sources. However, there is abundant of high resolution Google Earth imagery of different area temporal data used as an alternatives of geospatial data source, which requires examining its positional accuracy assessment, for further use as alternative geospatial data sources. In this paper Google Earth image of 2009 and IKONOS 2004 Satellite image of Adama city were tested horizontal positional accuracy level using the Orthophoto high accuracy image. The assessment includes points, lines and polygon samples for positional accuracy testing. For the point samples, Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) in X_ coordinate of Google Earth was 2.66ft/ 0.813m and IKONOS satellite image was 11.263ft/ 3.433m. The Y_coordinate Google Earth was 1.296 ft/0.395m and IKONOS satellite image was 3.806ft/1.160m. The horizontal line shift of Google Earth is 3.541ft/ 1.079m; IKONOS was 4.097m/ 13.442ft. The area difference of Google Earth was 4.219sqft/ 0.392sqm, and the IKONOS image was 13.347sqft/1.24sqm and all these samples are taken considering the slope characteristics of the study area.

Using composite case material to develop trauma‐informed psychoeducation for social care workers looking after unaccompanied minors in residential care in Ireland

“…In addition to psychoeducation about the impact of trauma, skills development included the modelling and practice of stabilisation, relaxation and grounding skills and tools to share with the SCW and used with the UM in their care (Darsa, 2020;Levine, 2008Levine, , 2013Levine, , 2015Malchiodi, 2020;Van der Kolk, 2015).…”

“…In addition to psychoeducation about the impact of trauma, skills development included the modelling and practice of stabilisation, relaxation and grounding skills and tools to share with the SCW and used with the UM in their care (Darsa, 2020; Levine, 2008, 2013, 2015; Malchiodi, 2020; Van der Kolk, 2015). The author also made use of clinician–researcher Youtube 1 videos, which provided accessible visual explanations of these skills and tools (e.g.…”