Digital Ischemia as an Initial Presentation in a COVID-19-Positive Patient Without Any Significant Respiratory Symptoms

Acherjee, Trishna; Bastien, Barbara; Rodríguez-Guerra, Miguel; Salman, Syeda Hafsah; Ali, Nisha

doi:10.7759/cureus.14054

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…In COVID-19 pandemic, the major mystery has been why some patients have developed several different thrombotic disorders, including ARDS, various forms of DVT such as VTE, PTE, SVT, IVCT, SVCT, BCS, PVT, arterial thrombosis, venous thrombosis, stroke, myocardial infarction, arterial gangrene syndromes such as SPG, limb gangrene, acrocyanosis, purpura fulminans, Fournier’s gangrene, peripheral digit ischemia, COVID toes [ 71 , 72 , 73 , 74 , 75 , 76 , 77 , 78 ]. Additionally, rare cases of TTP-like syndrome [ 79 , 80 , 81 , 82 ] associated with aEA-VMTD and ITP-like syndrome [ 10 , 11 ] suspected to be associated with vEA-VMTD have occurred in COVID-19 infection likely due to different vascular milieux.…”

Section: Current Classification Of Thrombotic Disorders Without Molec...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Classification of Thrombotic Disorders Based on Molecular Hemostasis and Thrombogenesis Producing Primary and Secondary Phenotypes of Thrombosis

Chang

2022

Biomedicines

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Thrombosis, the common and deadliest disorder among human diseases, develops as a result of the intravascular hemostasis following an intravascular injury, which can be caused by a variety of trauma, non-traumatic insults or clinical illnesses. Thrombosis can occur at any location of the vascular system supplied by blood from the heart to large and smallest arterial and venous systems and may affect the function and anatomy of the organ and tissue. It more commonly occurs in the smaller circulatory system of the vascular tree such as arterioles and capillaries, and venules of the organs, especially in the brain, lungs, heart, pancreas, muscle and kidneys, and sinusoids of the liver. Thrombosis has been referred as the disease of “blood clots”, which concept is incompletely defined, but represents many different hemostatic diseases from microthrombosis to fibrin clot disease, macrothrombosis, and combined micro-macrothrombosis. Thrombosis is produced following an intravascular injury via one or more combination of four different mechanisms of thrombogenesis: microthrombogenesis, fibrinogenesis, macrothrombogenesis and micro-macrothrombogenesis initiated by normal physiological hemostasis in vivo following an intravascular injury. The clinical phenotype expression of thrombosis is determined by: (1) depth of the intravascular wall injury, (2) extent of the injury affecting the vascular tree system, (3) physiological character of the involved vascular system, (4) locality of the vascular injury, and (5) underlying non-hemostatic conditions interacting with hemostasis. Recent acquisition of “two-path unifying theory” of hemostasis and “two-activation theory of the endothelium” has opened a new frontier in science of medicine by identifying the pathophysiological mechanism of different thrombotic disorders, and also contributing to the better understanding of many poorly defined human diseases, including different phenotypes of stroke and cardiovascular disease, trauma, sepsis and septic shock, multiorgan dysfunction syndrome, and autoimmune disease, and others. Reviewed are the fundamentals in hemostasis, thrombogenesis and thrombosis based on hemostatic theories, and proposed is a novel classification of thrombotic disorders.

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Section: Current Classification Of Thrombotic Disorders Without Molec...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Classification of Thrombotic Disorders Based on Molecular Hemostasis and Thrombogenesis Producing Primary and Secondary Phenotypes of Thrombosis

Chang

2022

Biomedicines

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“…Notably, patients with COVID-19 have an increased tendency to a prothrombotic state, most commonly presenting as stroke or pulmonary embolism. However, atypical sites of thrombosis have been reported, including basilic vein thrombosis, digital ischemia, and thoracic aorta [2][3][4]. We present a patient with COVID-19 ARDS who developed pulmonary vein thrombosis (PVT), a rare but life-threatening condition.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pulmonary Vein Thrombosis in the Setting of COVID-19 Infection: A Case Report

Araim¹,

Dabek²,

Shehadeh³

et al. 2022

Cureus

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The novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) affects all three branches of Virchow's triad. It increases the risk of thrombosis and thromboembolic events. Pulmonary embolism and stroke are most commonly reported. However, there is an increasing number of cases demonstrating thrombosis in otherwise uncommon anatomical areas. In this presentation, we will explore the potential causes of pulmonary vein thrombosis secondary to COVID-19.

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“…The mechanisms of the development ischemia are unclear in COVID-19, but numerous theories have been proposed including hypoxemia, endothelial dysfunction, and inflammation. [ 2 ] Antiphospholipid antibodies are known to develop in the setting of viral infections such as COVID-19 and contribute to coagulopathy. The presence of antiphospholipid antibodies has been accepted as one of the mechanisms that cause hypercoagulation during COVID-19.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19-induced digital ischemia in antiphospholipid syndrome

Uslu

2022

Arch Rheumatol

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Digital Ischemia as an Initial Presentation in a COVID-19-Positive Patient Without Any Significant Respiratory Symptoms

Cited by 4 publications

References 11 publications

Novel Classification of Thrombotic Disorders Based on Molecular Hemostasis and Thrombogenesis Producing Primary and Secondary Phenotypes of Thrombosis

Novel Classification of Thrombotic Disorders Based on Molecular Hemostasis and Thrombogenesis Producing Primary and Secondary Phenotypes of Thrombosis

Pulmonary Vein Thrombosis in the Setting of COVID-19 Infection: A Case Report

COVID-19-induced digital ischemia in antiphospholipid syndrome

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