Digital Radiographic Study of Gonial angle in Forensic Odontology in a Tertiary Care Centre: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study

Abstract

Introduction: Gonial angle measurements serve as an important parameter of the craniofacial complex and are usually studied on lateral cephalograms, but recently panoramic radiographs have also been used. The aim of this study is to measure the gonial angle using orthopantomogram and lateral cephalogram based on age, gender, ethnicity, and skeletal malocclusion in a tertiary care hospital. Methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study comprising 350 selected radiographs of apparently healthy individuals collected for a period of one year, from the Department of Oral Radiology of a tertiary care centre of Nepal. Gonial angle measurements were recorded from digital panoramic radiograph (both right and left side) and lateral cephalogram. Data was collected in terms of age, gender, ethnicity, and skeletal malocclusion and then statistically analysed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 20. Results: The mean gonial angle for panoramic right, left and lateral cephalogram was 122.490±7.570, 123.620±7.060, and 124.150±6.910, respectively. There was a decrease in the mean values of the gonial angle observed as age advances seen in all the radiographs. The gonial angle measured in Class III malocclusion was higher in all the radiographs, followed by Class II and Class I. Gonial angles obtained in females were higher than the males in all the radiographs. Finally, the Aryan population showed a higher gonial angle compared to the Mongolian population in all the radiographs. Conclusions: Panoramic radiograph (left side), could be considered as a reliable tool to measure the gonial angle.

Efetividade da mensuração do ângulo mandibular e posição do forame mentoniano para estimativa da idade humana pós-morte

“…Estudos também têm empregado imagens para investigação da idade. Radiografias panorâmicas, radiografias dentofaciais, radiografias digitais, radiografias cefalométricas e tomografias computadorizadas já foram utilizadas como método de estimativa da idade, em conjunto ou não com outras variáveis, representando relevante método de identificação forense (Çağlayan et al, 2014(Çağlayan et al, , Honda et al, 1991Oliveira et al, 2018, Parnami et al, 2015Shah & Venkatesh, 2020;Srii et al, 2021, Zangouei-Booshehri et al, 2012.…”

System of gender identification and age estimation from radiography: a review

“…Performing morphometric evaluation of maxillary sinus CBCT to determine gender dimorphism [52]. Lee et al [53] analyzing changes in the anatomy of the teeth and mandibular structure on panoramic radiographs, evaluating gonial angle measurements on both cephalometric and panoramic radiographs for identification of gender and age [54], comparing the diagnostic accuracy of mandibular and maxillary structural development with age and gender changes [55], checking dental accuracy on panoramic radiographs to identify humans [1]. Determining gender and age based on teeth by applying NN computing [56], [57].…”

Is it essential to recognize the gonial angle in orthodontics using panoramic radiography?

“…While Kundi.et al [11] claimed that panoramic radiography may detect gonial angle in place of truthfully as a lateral cephalogram, Shahabi.et al [12] recommended foremost lateral cephalogram to estimate gonial angle. Additionally, several researchers discovered significant individual differences in gonial angle alteration, which had been influenced by age in addition of different forms of malocclusion [13,14]. Within this group team understanding, not any research has been done on the relationship between gonial angle as well as overall malocclusions in orthodontics.…”