This scientific publication is a retrospective analytical collection of systematized materials on the results of intellectual creative activity of a large team of Ukrainian scientists, the purpose of which was scientific substantiation of priority areas for development of national science in oceanology on the basis of new knowledge and development of optimal ways of its application on the example of: formation of the National Program for Research and Use of Resources of the Azov-Black Sea Basin and Other Areas of the World Ocean for the Period up to 2000; the process and procedures of preparation of scientists of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine for the United Nations Decade for Ocean Science for Sustainable Development (2021-2030); successes in scientific-organizational and scientific-technical activities of the Scientific Coordination Center of Marine Sciences of Ukraine under the Committee on Scientific and Technological Progress of Ukraine, the National Agency for Marine Research and Technology under the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine, and the State Institution “Scientific Hydrophysical Center of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine”. The publication is designed for: – scientists, specialists, academicians and students, who are interested in the complex of sciences that study the oceans; – People’s Deputies of Ukraine and government official, who ensure the implementation of scientific and organizational activities for the formation of state (national) programs of scientific and technical development of the country in the field of study, development and use of marine resources, as well as are responsible for implementing programs and policies of the European research area in Ukraine.