Digitally Printed Liquid Metal Composite Antenna for Energy Harvesting: Toward Energy‐Autonomous Battery‐Free Wearable Bioelectronics

Maranha, Miguel; Silva, André F.; Lopes, Pedro Alhais; Almeida, A.T. de; Tavakoli, Mahmoud

doi:10.1002/adsr.202200025

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…Reproduced under the terms of the CC-BY license. [138] Copyright 2022, The Authors, published by Wiley-VCH GmbH. consists of copper, it may sometimes lead to the formation of CuGa 2 yet oftentimes the IMC does not occur or is not reported.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This work achieved resolutions up to 200 μm. Using the same Ag-EGaIn-SIS biphasic architecture, other works have shown the versatility of DIW to create multiple soft systems for health monitoring [71,105,137] or energy harvesting [138] and have also shown how DIW can be integrated with other methods for implementation of chip-integrated soft electronics [121] that can be recycled. [97]…”

Section: D Printing and Direct Ink Writingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Figure 12Q shows the patch being used for wireless detection of wrist flexion. Maranha et al [138] demonstrated various untethered batteryfree patches powered through far-field energy harvesting. Taking advantage of an Ag-EGaIn biphasic compound, customized antennas are fabricated over various substrates.…”

Section: Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…W) Experimental ECG monitoring belt with Bluetooth communication, one dipole antenna, and one transmitter. Reproduced under the terms of the CC-BY license [138]. Copyright 2022, The Authors, published by Wiley-VCH GmbH.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gallium‐Based Liquid–Solid Biphasic Conductors for Soft Electronics

Reis Carneiro,

Majidi,

Tavakoli

2023

Adv Funct Materials

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Soft and stretchable electronics have diverse applications in the fields of compliant bioelectronics, textile‐integrated wearables, novel forms of mechanical sensors, electronics skins, and soft robotics. In recent years, multiple material architectures have been proposed for highly deformable circuits that can undergo large tensile strains without losing electronic functionality. Among them, gallium‐based liquid metals benefit from fluidic deformability, high electrical conductivity, and self‐healing property. However, their deposition and patterning is challenging. Biphasic material architectures are recently proposed as a method to address this problem, by combining advantages of solid‐phase materials and composites, with liquid deformability and self‐healing of liquid phase conductors, thus moving toward scalable fabrication of reliable stretchable circuits. This article reviews recent biphasic conductor architectures that combine gallium‐based liquid‐phase conductors, with solid‐phase particles and polymers, and their application in fabrication of soft electronic systems. In particular, various material combinations for the solid and liquid phases in the biphasic conductor, as well as methods used to print and pattern biphasic conductive compounds, are discussed. Finally, some applications that benefit from biphasic architectures are reviewed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: D Printing and Direct Ink Writingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gallium‐Based Liquid–Solid Biphasic Conductors for Soft Electronics

Reis Carneiro,

Majidi,

Tavakoli

2023

Adv Funct Materials

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Graphene‐Assisted Chemical Stabilization of Liquid Metal Nano Droplets for Liquid Metal Based Energy Storage

Sanati,

Nikitin,

Fausto

et al. 2024

Adv Materials Technologies

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Energy storage devices with liquid‐metal electrodes have attracted interest in recent years due to their potential for mechanical resilience, self‐healing, dendrite‐free operation, and fast reaction kinetics. Gallium alloys like Eutectic Gallium Indium (EGaIn) are appealing due to their low melting point and high theoretical specific capacity. However, EGaIn electrodes are unstable in highly alkaline electrolytes due to Gallium oxide dissolution. In this letter, this bottleneck is addressed by introducing chemically stable films in which nanoscale droplets of EGaIn are coated with trace amounts of graphene oxide (GO). It is demonstrated that a GO to EGaIn weight ratio as low as 0.01 provides enough protection for a thin film formed by GO@EGaIn nanocomposite against significantly acidic or alkaline environments (pH 1‐14). It is shown that GO coating significantly enhances the surface stability in such environments, thus improving the energy storage capacity by over 10x. Microstructural analysis confirms GO@EGaIn composite stability and enhanced electrochemical performance. Utilizing this, a thin‐film supercapacitor is fabricated. Results indicate that when coating the EGaIn with GO to EGaIn ratio of 0.001, the areal capacitance improves by 10 times, reaching 20.02 mF cm−2. This breakthrough paves the way for advanced liquid metal‐based thin‐film electrodes, promising significant improvements in energy storage applications.

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Wireless Power and Data Transfer Technologies for Flexible Bionic and Bioelectronic Interfaces: Materials and Applications

Mariello,

Proctor

2024

Adv Materials Technologies

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The next‐generation bionics and, more specifically, wearable and implantable bioelectronics require wireless, battery‐free, long‐term operation and seamless bio‐integration. Design considerations, materials choice, and implementation of efficient architectures have become crucial for the fabrication and deployment of wireless devices, especially if they are flexible or soft. Wireless power and data transfer represent key elements for the development of robust, efficient, and reliable systems for health monitoring, advanced disease diagnosis and treatment, personalized medicine. Here, the recent advances in materials and technologies used for wireless energy sourcing and telemetry in bio‐integrated flexible bionic and bioelectronic systems are reviewed. The study tackles different challenges related to mechanical compliance, low thickness, small footprint, biocompatibility, biodegradability, and in vivo implementation. The work also delves into the main figures of merit that are mostly adopted to quantify the wireless power/data transfer performances. Lastly, the pivotal applications of wearable and implantable wireless bionics/bioelectronics are summarized, such as electrical stimulation/recording, real‐time monitoring of physiological parameters, light delivery trough optical interfaces, electromechanical stimulation via ultrasounds, highlighting their potential for future implementation and the challenges related to their commercialization.

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Digitally Printed Liquid Metal Composite Antenna for Energy Harvesting: Toward Energy‐Autonomous Battery‐Free Wearable Bioelectronics

Cited by 7 publications

References 70 publications

Gallium‐Based Liquid–Solid Biphasic Conductors for Soft Electronics

Gallium‐Based Liquid–Solid Biphasic Conductors for Soft Electronics

Graphene‐Assisted Chemical Stabilization of Liquid Metal Nano Droplets for Liquid Metal Based Energy Storage

Wireless Power and Data Transfer Technologies for Flexible Bionic and Bioelectronic Interfaces: Materials and Applications

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