Dimensional Analysis for Determining Optimal Discharge and Penstock Diameter in Reaction Turbines: An Overview

Abstract

The objective is to conduct a literature review to provide general insights for minimize the consumption of water while producing hydro electric power. The analysis presented in paper is based on the penstocks geometric and hydraulic characteristics, hydraulic head, and the desired power production. Minimizing water consumption for energy production may affect the availability of water for other purposes such as irrigation and navigation. Various dimensionless relationships between power production, flow discharge, and head losses were derived by authors. As mentioned in this analysis it was found that for minimizing water consumption, the ratio of head loss to gross head should remained not more than 15%. An example on reaction turbine of application is presented for determining optimal flow discharge and optimal penstock diameter for reaction turbine.