Dimensional versus Categorical Classification of Prototypic and Nonprototypic Cases of Personality Disorder

Sprock, June

doi:10.1037/e413802005-294

Cited by 20 publications

(61 citation statements)

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“…If not, either a new treatment is chosen or the diagnosis is reassessed (Widiger & Mullins-Sweatt, 2010). Other benefits of the categorical model include high interrater reliability and high clinical confidence (Sprock, 2003). In other words, clinicians are confident in their clinical diagnoses when using the DSM-IV-TR PD model and the diagnoses are reliable across different clinicians (i.e., multiple clinicians reached the same diagnosis).…”

Section: Benefits Of the Categorical Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An individual's diagnosis is typically based on a combination of three things: an interview with his/her clinician, behavior observations by his/her clinician, and a mental status 14 exam consisting of an assessment of aspects of his/her mental functioning (Sprock, 2003). A single interview is all that is actually required and can be enough to make a diagnosis.…”

Section: Diagnosis Of Pdsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Clinical utility is defined as the extent to which clinicians are assisted by the DSM when performing their various duties. It is operationalized by ease of use, communication, and treatment planning (Morey et al, 2014;Sprock, 2003;Widiger & Mullins-Sweatt, 2010). The categories of this model are familiar to clinicians (Samuel et al, 2011;Sprock, 2003) because they have been using them unaltered from the time when the DSM-IV-TR was published in 1994 (Morey et al, 2014).…”

Section: Benefits Of the Categorical Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A single interview is all that is actually required and can be enough to make a diagnosis. Several interviews spread out over time, however, along with additional supplemental materials, such as observations of behaviors and mental status exams, is the method of diagnosis preferred by most clinicians (Sprock, 2003).…”

Section: Diagnosis Of Pdsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One of the main benefits of the categorical model is its high ratings on clinical utility (Morey et al, 2014;Sprock, 2003;Widiger & Mullins-Sweatt, 2010). Clinical utility is defined as the extent to which clinicians are assisted by the DSM when performing their various duties.…”

Section: Benefits Of the Categorical Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Paradigm Shift: From a Categorical to Dimensional Diagnostic Model of Personality Disorder

Green¹

2015

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This thesis discusses the possibility of a paradigm shift in the conceptualization of personality disorders (PDs), and eventually all psychological disorders, from categorical to dimensional. It examines the three main types of models utilized for diagnosing PDs. These main types are: the categorical model, where symptoms are organized in a check list based on categories; the dimensional model, where symptoms are organized on a spectrum rather than in a list; and the hybrid model, which is a combination of the two. It focuses on the strengths and weaknesses of each model and how they are used to define and diagnose PDs. In conclusion, there are significant gaps in the empirical evidence pertaining to the practical applications of the dimensional and hybrid models, therefore, a change in diagnostic criteria is not yet advised. Only when these gaps have been filled can a paradigmatic shift from a categorical to a dimensional conceptualization of PDs, and eventually all psychological disorders, occur.3

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Section: Benefits Of the Categorical Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Diagnosis Of Pdsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Benefits Of the Categorical Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Diagnosis Of Pdsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Benefits Of the Categorical Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Paradigm Shift: From a Categorical to Dimensional Diagnostic Model of Personality Disorder

Green¹

2015

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Do Clinicians Conceptualize DSM‐IV Disorders Hierarchically?

2012

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Validity and utility of Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP): I. Psychosis superspectrum

et al. 2020

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The Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP) is a scientific effort to address shortcomings of traditional mental disorder diagnoses, which suffer from arbitrary boundaries between psychopathology and normality, frequent disorder co‐occurrence, heterogeneity within disorders, and diagnostic instability. This paper synthesizes evidence on the validity and utility of the thought disorder and detachment spectra of HiTOP. These spectra are composed of symptoms and maladaptive traits currently subsumed within schizophrenia, other psychotic disorders, and schizotypal, paranoid and schizoid personality disorders. Thought disorder ranges from normal reality testing, to maladaptive trait psychoticism, to hallucinations and delusions. Detachment ranges from introversion, to maladaptive detachment, to blunted affect and avolition. Extensive evidence supports the validity of thought disorder and detachment spectra, as each spectrum reflects common genetics, environmental risk factors, childhood antecedents, cognitive abnormalities, neural alterations, biomarkers, and treatment response. Some of these characteristics are specific to one spectrum and others are shared, suggesting the existence of an overarching psychosis superspectrum. Further research is needed to extend this model, such as clarifying whether mania and dissociation belong to thought disorder, and explicating processes that drive development of the spectra and their subdimensions. Compared to traditional diagnoses, the thought disorder and detachment spectra demonstrated substantially improved utility: greater reliability, larger explanatory and predictive power, and higher acceptability to clinicians. Validated measures are available to implement the system in practice. The more informative, reliable and valid characterization of psychosis‐related psychopathology offered by HiTOP can make diagnosis more useful for research and clinical care.

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Dimensional versus Categorical Classification of Prototypic and Nonprototypic Cases of Personality Disorder

Cited by 20 publications

References 0 publications

A Paradigm Shift: From a Categorical to Dimensional Diagnostic Model of Personality Disorder

A Paradigm Shift: From a Categorical to Dimensional Diagnostic Model of Personality Disorder

Do Clinicians Conceptualize DSM‐IV Disorders Hierarchically?

Validity and utility of Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP): I. Psychosis superspectrum

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