Dimeric and oligomeric surfactants. Behavior at interfaces and in aqueous solution: a review

Surface tension prevails over solute effect in organic-influenced cloud droplet activation

“…It is interesting to note that in a recent laboratory study, large oligomers of polyethylene glycol (PEG) were implicated in depressing the SS* of mixed ammonium sulphate-PEG particles due to surface tension effects and non-ideal organic-inorganic interactions 53 . It is well known that oligomeric surfactants can possess greatly enhanced surface activity compared to the corresponding monomeric surfactants 54 . Whereas the AMS cannot establish conclusively the presence and structure of oligomers due to their fragmentation inside the instrument, we note that glyoxals and their oxidation products have been implicated as surface-active species 55,56 .…”

Surfactant effects on the microstructures of Fe3O4 nanoparticles synthesized by microemulsion method

“…(d) New Gemini surfactant: As a new class of surfactants, Gemini surfactants have attracted increasing attention in both academic and industrial circles over the last years, owing to their superior properties in comparison with those of conventional single-chain surfactants [43][44][45][46][47]. About Gemini surfactants, there have the relevant reports on the application of template synthesis of various materials, such as gold particles and organized mesoporous silica [48][49][50].…”

Conductometric and Spectrofluorimetric Studies of Cationic Gemini Surfactant in Aqueous Solutions

“…A special class of surfactants, the so-called geminis, are constructed by connecting any two identical or different conventional monomeric amphiphilic moieties with a spacer group [4], [5]. The potential applications of gemini surfactants are in detergents, cosmetics, chemical industry, biological and biomedical fields [6].…”