Dimeric xanthones from Garcinia livingstonei

Non-toxic melanin production inhibitors from Garcinia livingstonei (Clusiaceae)

“…Garcinia livingstonei which showed fungiostatic activity against Cladosporium cucumerinum comparable to that of miconazole, and inhibited SW 480 human colon carcinoma cell growth at levels similar to that of 5-fluorouracil (Sordat-Diserens et al, 1992a). Sordat-Diserens et al (1992b) isolated the xanthone dimer garcilivin A, which has since been shown to display trypanosomal activity against T. brucei brucei (Mbwambo et al, 2006).…”

“…Sordat-Diserens et al (1992b) isolated the xanthone dimer garcilivin A, which has since been shown to display trypanosomal activity against T. brucei brucei (Mbwambo et al, 2006). Bioassay-guided fractionation of the fruit has yielded the HIV-inhibitory tetraprenylated benzophenone guttiferone A (3) (Gustafson et al, 1992), and the biflavanoid ent-naringeninyl- which is moderately active against a Ghanaian CQS strain of P. falciparum (Mbwambo et al, 2006).…”

Natural and Synthetic Xanthones as Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors: Biological Assay and 3D-QSAR

“…were isolated from Chironia krebsii (Gentianaceae)(22, 23, 38, 42 ± 45, 47 ± 49) [30], Hypericum brasiliense (Guttiferae)(10, 16, 54 ± 57) [31], Garcinia livingstonei (Guttiferae)(29,31,32) [32][33], Gentiana lactea (Gentianaceae)(39,40) [34], Garcinia gerrardii Harvey (Guttiferae) (30, 58, 59) [35], Monnina obtusifolia (Polygalaceae) (33, 34, 53), Polygala virgata (Polygalaceae) (51) [36], Monnina sylvatica (Polygalaceae) (35) [37], Halenia campanulata (Gentianaceae) (36), Pentadesma reyndersii (Guttiferae) (50), and Eriosema tuberosum (Leguminosae) (52) [38] [39]. The syntheses of the other compounds have already been described according to the references cited below.…”

Biomimetic Total Synthesis of (±)-Griffipavixanthone via a Cationic Cycloaddition–Cyclization Cascade

“…1 Among these compounds, griffipavixanthone ( 1 ) possesses a unique structure wherein the monomeric tetrahydroxyxanthone units are linked via an apparent Diels–Alder-derived bicyclic framework rather than the commonly encountered aryl–aryl or C–O bond (Figure 1). 2 Several related dimeric Diels–Alder xanthones, namely garciobioxanthone ( 2 ), 3 bigarcinenone B, 4 and garcilivins A and C (not shown), 5 wherein the monomeric xanthone units are linked by a single cyclohexene ring, have also been isolated and characterized.…”