Dimethylformamide metabolism following self-harm using a veterinary euthanasia product

Hantson, Philippe; Villa, Antoine; Galloy, Anne Cécile; Negri, Sara; Esabon, Giulia; Lambiotte, Fabien; Haufroid, Vincent; Garnier, R.

doi:10.3109/15563650.2010.498790

Cited by 15 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Following absorption, DMF is evenly distributed, metabolized mainly in the liver, and rapidly excreted in the form of metabolites through urine (Fig. 1) [7,10,27-31]. A series of studies have shown that DMF is N -methylated by microsomal enzymes in the liver, and that cytochrome P450s plays a role in the biotransformation of DMF [27,32-34].…”

Section: A Generalized Pathway Of Dmf Metabolism In the Livermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1) [7,10,27-31]. A series of studies have shown that DMF is N -methylated by microsomal enzymes in the liver, and that cytochrome P450s plays a role in the biotransformation of DMF [27,32-34]. Thus, the toxic effect elicited by DMF exposure is much more severe in the liver than in any other organ, presumably because its metabolism is mainly catalyzed by hepatic cytochrome P450s [27,32-34].…”

Section: A Generalized Pathway Of Dmf Metabolism In the Livermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A series of studies have shown that DMF is N -methylated by microsomal enzymes in the liver, and that cytochrome P450s plays a role in the biotransformation of DMF [27,32-34]. Thus, the toxic effect elicited by DMF exposure is much more severe in the liver than in any other organ, presumably because its metabolism is mainly catalyzed by hepatic cytochrome P450s [27,32-34]. The hydroxylation of methyl moieties is the preceding step of DMF metabolism, resulting in the formation of N -(hydroxymethyl)- N -methylformamide (HMMF), the major urinary metabolite in both humans and animals.…”

Section: A Generalized Pathway Of Dmf Metabolism In the Livermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since mechanistic investigation is essential for the understanding of toxicology, studies were also performed using animals in conjunction with clinical surveys from workers exposed to DMF. Although several hypotheses on the mechanism of DMF-induced liver toxicity have been raised, no clear biological pathway has been demonstrated yet [7,27-29,43]. …”

Section: Potential Mechanism Of Dmf-induced Liver Toxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Clinical Outcomes of Occupational Exposure to N,N-Dimethylformamide: Perspectives from Experimental Toxicology

Kim

2011

Safety and Health at Work

112

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N,N-Dimethylformamide (DMF) is globally used as an organic solvent in the production of synthetic leather and resins because of its low volatility, making it an attractive industrial material. Despite its excellent property as a chemical solvent, utilization of DMF is somewhat controversial nowadays due to its hazardous effects on exposed workers in work places. Many toxification cases are being reported globally and the number of cases of liver damage is still increasing in developing countries. On account of this, a series of epidemiologic surveys are being conducted to understand the degrees of liver damage caused by DMF exposure. Furthermore, many investigations have been performed to clarify the mechanism of DMF-induced liver toxicity using both human and experimental animal models. This review summarizes the current occupational cases reported on liver damage from workers exposed to DMF in industrial work places and the research results that account for DMF-induced liver failure and possible carcinogenesis. The findings reviewed here show the synergistic toxicity of DMF exposure with other toxicants, which might occur through complicated but distinct mechanisms, which may extend our knowledge for establishing risk assessments of DMF exposure in industrial work places.

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Section: A Generalized Pathway Of Dmf Metabolism In the Livermentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: A Generalized Pathway Of Dmf Metabolism In the Livermentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: A Generalized Pathway Of Dmf Metabolism In the Livermentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Potential Mechanism Of Dmf-induced Liver Toxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Clinical Outcomes of Occupational Exposure to N,N-Dimethylformamide: Perspectives from Experimental Toxicology

Kim

2011

Safety and Health at Work

112

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“…It is mainly susceptible to chemical injury due to its extensive metabolic capacity and cellular heterogeneity. The major target organ of DMF toxicity is the liver, due to its high content of cytochrome P-450 [1] DMF metabolism takes place in the liver, and excreted as metabolites through urine (Hantson et al, 2010). Previous studies have revealed that DMF is N-methylated by the liver microsomal enzymes, and cytochrome P-450 involves in the biotransformation [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Degradation of Phospholipids by N, N-Dimethylformamide Induced Liver Toxicity in Male Wistar Rats

2019

IJITEE

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Dimethylformamide (DMF) is an industrially used solvent, prioritized by the National Toxicology Program as a potent hepatotoxic compound. The effect of DMF on liver is well documented; however its impact on hepatic phospholipids remains enigmatic. Hence, to understand the phospholipid metabolism we have developed an animal model for DMF induced hepatotoxicity. In the present study, DMF (0.5, 1.0, 1.5 g/kg body wt) was given intraperitoneally to male wistar rats and terminated after 24 and 48 h. DMF with a concentration of 1.5 g/kg body wt shows maximum toxic effect. Dosages higher than 1.5 g/kg body wt showed lethal effect, hence in this study, 1.5 g/kg body wt was used as maximum concentration. Induction of hepatotoxicity by DMF was confirmed by liver marker enzymes. DMF impairs the liver phospholipid metabolism. DMF decreased the individual phospholipid levels by altering the fatty acid composition. There was an increase in unsaturated fatty acids with a concomitant decrease in saturated fatty acid. These changes in the fatty acid may directly or indirectly affect the membrane structure and fluidity. Understanding the mechanism by which DMF induced hepatotoxicity and alteration in phospholipid metabolism is a worthwhile pursuit.

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Alkylpyridines and Miscellaneous Organic Nitrogen Compounds

Peterson

2023

Patty's Toxicology

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This chapter provides a broad overview of topics related to the occupational use and exposure to a variety of miscellaneous nitrogen‐containing compounds. Topics addressed include chemical/physical properties, uses, exposure assessment, and toxic effects, as well as standards, regulations, and guidelines for exposure. Some of the chemicals and classes represented in this chapter include pyridine, alkylpyridines, vinylpyridines, aminopyridines, aminopicolines, pyridinethione compounds (pyrithiones), nicotine, the substituted uracils, quaternary herbicides, s ‐triazine herbicides, propazine, cyanazine, ametryn, prometryn, simazine, hexazinone, azides, and hydrazine and its derivatives.

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Dimethylformamide metabolism following self-harm using a veterinary euthanasia product

Abstract: While both patients had a favorable outcome, there is no clear evidence that NAC could directly influence NMF and AMCC excretion. Further investigations of NMF and AMCC excretion, with and without NAC, would be indicated.

Cited by 15 publications

References 14 publications

Clinical Outcomes of Occupational Exposure to N,N-Dimethylformamide: Perspectives from Experimental Toxicology

Clinical Outcomes of Occupational Exposure to N,N-Dimethylformamide: Perspectives from Experimental Toxicology

Degradation of Phospholipids by N, N-Dimethylformamide Induced Liver Toxicity in Male Wistar Rats

Alkylpyridines and Miscellaneous Organic Nitrogen Compounds

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