Dingoes ( Canis dingo Meyer, 1793) continue to be an important reservoir host of Dirofilaria immitis in low density housing areas in Australia

Smout, Felicity A.; Skerratt, Lee F.; Butler, James; Johnson, Christopher N.; Congdon, Bradley C.

doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2015.10.020

Cited by 22 publications

(21 citation statements)

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“…The WTWHA is a major tourist attraction and many locations within or on its periphery are both culturally important for Indigenous communities and also visited by tourists [14], [15], [16]. Free-ranging domestic dogs and dingoes (or ‘wild dogs’) are widespread, and interact in close proximity to people in the region [17]. Indigenous Australians in tropical communities are at particular risk from A. ceylanicum and A. caninum infection due to the limited health management of domestic dogs and the presence of free-roaming community dogs that may have been exposed to parasite eggs and larvae in soil contaminated by dingoes [11].…”

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confidence: 99%

The hookworm Ancylostoma ceylanicum : An emerging public health risk in Australian tropical rainforests and Indigenous communities

et al. 2017

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Ancylostoma ceylanicum is the common hookworm of domestic dogs and cats throughout Asia, and is an emerging but little understood public health risk in tropical northern Australia. We investigated the prevalence of A. ceylanicum in soil and free-ranging domestic dogs at six rainforest locations in Far North Queensland that are Indigenous Australian communities and popular tourist attractions within the Wet Tropics World Heritage Area. By combining PCR-based techniques with traditional methods of hookworm species identification, we found the prevalence of hookworm in Indigenous community dogs was high (96.3% and 91.9% from necropsy and faecal samples, respectively). The majority of these infections were A. caninum. We also observed, for the first time, the presence of A. ceylanicum infection in domestic dogs (21.7%) and soil (55.6%) in an Indigenous community. A. ceylanicum was present in soil samples from two out of the three popular tourist locations sampled. Our results contribute to the understanding of dogs as a public health risk to Indigenous communities and tourists in the Wet Tropics. Dog health needs to be more fully addressed as part of the Australian Government's commitments to “closing the gap” in chronic disease between Indigenous and other Australians, and encouraging tourism in similar locations.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The hookworm Ancylostoma ceylanicum : An emerging public health risk in Australian tropical rainforests and Indigenous communities

et al. 2017

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“…Dirofilaria immitis infections are widespread in both tropical and temperate regions throughout the world, including Australia where the climate is suitable for mosquito vectors of the genera Aedes , Culex and Anopheles (Smout et al . 2016). None of the tested dogs had D .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Anaplasmataceae and Filariidae species in unowned and military dogs in New Caledonia

Dahmani

Tahir

Cabre

et al. 2018

Veterinary Medicine & Sci

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Dogs are competent reservoir hosts of several zoonotic agents, including Filariidae nematodes and Anaplasmataceae family bacteria. The latter family unites human and veterinary pathogens (Anaplasma, Ehrlichia and Neorickettsia bacteria) with Wolbachia, some of which are obligatory endosymbionts of pathogenic filarial nematodes. The epidemiology of Anaplasmataceae and Filariidae species infecting dogs living in kennels in New Caledonia was studied. 64 EDTA blood samples were screened for the presence of Anaplasmataceae and filarial nematodes. Molecular study was conducted using primers and probe targeting the of 23S rRNA long fragment of Anaplasmataceae species. Next, all blood sample was screened for the presence of Filariidae species targeting the primers and probe targeting the COI gene, as well as primers targeting the COI and 5S rRNA genes of all filarial worms. Anaplasma platys was identified in 8/64 (12.5, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 4.4–20.6%) and Wolbachia endosymbiont of Dirofilaria immitis in 8/64 (12.5%, CI: 4.4–20.6%). Filariidae species investigation was performed and showed that 11/64 (17.2%, CI: 7.9–26.4%) dogs were infected with D. immitis, whereas, 2/64 (3.1%, CI: 0.0–7.3%) were infected with Acanthocheilonema reconditum. Finally, we checked the occurrence of co‐infection between Anaplasmataceae and Filariidae species. Co‐occurrence with Wolbachia endosymbiont of D. immitis was observed in seven dogs, one dog was co‐infected with A. platys and A. reconditum and another was co‐infected with Wolbachia endosymbiont of D. immitis and A. reconditum. These results are the first report of Anaplasmataceae and Filariidae occurring in dogs in New Caledonia.

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“…However, information regarding the carriage of zoonotic pathogens in peri-urban wild dogs is limited to few studies with small geographical range and / or small sample size (Allen, 2006;Brown and Copeman, 2003;Jenkins et al, 2008;Smout et al, 2016;Smout et al, 2013). Despite granulosus carriage and used a logistic regression model to predict areas of hookworm carriage in South East Queensland.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…This was not detected in any of our necropsied cadavers. Similarly (Jenkins et al, 2014a;Smout et al, 2016) reported a high prevalence of heartworm (Difilaria immitis) in dingoes in FNQ. None of the 40 peri-urban wild dogs necropsied in our study were detected to have the presence of Dirofilaria within their heart or lungs.…”

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“…Despite highlighting the potential impacts on human health, in depth epidemiological studies focusing on wild dog populations, particularly in peri-urban regions, are lacking. There have been only four research papers during the last ten years directly surveying wild canine pathogens in Australia (Jenkins et al, 2008;Jenkins et al, 2014b;Smout et al, 2016;Smout et al, 2013) and only two of those included urban areas (Jenkins et al, 2008;Smout et al, 2016).…”

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Prevalence, risk factors, and geographical distribution of zoonotic pathogens carried by peri-urban wild dogs

Harriott¹

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Established wildlife populations within peri-urban and urban environments provide an opportunity for the spread of zoonotic pathogens to and from human-associated environments. Wild dogs, including dingoes (Canis lupus dingo), feral domestic dogs (Canis lupus familiaris), and their cross breeds (hybrids) are common across the Australian mainland, and hybrid populations are particularly frequent within peri-urban environments. Previous studies have shown that wild dogs carry zoonotic pathogens of public health significance, however, data relating to peri-urban wild dogs has been limited to a few studies with a small geographical range and / or small sample size.To address the potential public health implications of peri-urban wild dogs, information regarding pathogen diversity, prevalence, risk factors and geographical distribution are required.To investigate the diversity and prevalence of zoonotic pathogens in peri-urban wild dogs, a cross sectional survey was undertaken. Utilising council management programs and private trappers, 201 wild dogs were collected for necropsy. Analysis of faecal and blood samples indicated that helminth parasites were common, detected within 79.6  5.4 % of wild dogs tested, however bacterial pathogens were much less prevalent. Echinococcus granulosus was the most prevalent parasite detected by necropsy, (prevalence 50.7  6.9 %). Hookworms were found to comprise the second most common pathogen of zoonotic significance with an overall prevalence of 28.8% ( 7.1%).Molecular characterisation identified the majority as Ancylostoma caninum. Several pathogens of zoonotic interest were not detected during the study, namely Brucella suis and Neospora caninum.This study provided essential baseline data on the prevalence of pathogens carried by peri-urban wild dog populations in north-eastern Australia, which is required to inform the management of wild dogs in peri-urban areas.Characteristics of the most prevalent parasitic pathogens and their lifecycles suggested possible associations between the diet composition of wild dogs and their infection status. Whole stomachs were collected during necropsy and analysed for dietary composition and biomass. The majority of food items detected were mammalian prey species, most commonly: swamp wallaby (20.6  6.08%); canine species (prey) (10.6  4.62%); eastern grey kangaroo (10.0  4.51 %); and deer species (10.0  4.51%). Wild dogs that consumed swamp wallaby (OR 1.79, p<0.05) or unidentified species of macropods (OR 4.18, p<0.01) were found to be significantly more likely to be infected with E. granulosus than dogs who had consumed non-macropod species. Wild dogs that had consumed various bird (OR 7.80, p<0.01) or bandicoot species (OR 3.09, p<0.01) were found to be significantly more likely to be infected with hookworm compared to dogs that had consumed ii macropods. These findings suggest that diet composition is an important contributing factor to the infection status of wild dogs.To explore the geographical distribution of pathogens a...

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Dingoes ( Canis dingo Meyer, 1793) continue to be an important reservoir host of Dirofilaria immitis in low density housing areas in Australia

Cited by 22 publications

References 35 publications

The hookworm Ancylostoma ceylanicum : An emerging public health risk in Australian tropical rainforests and Indigenous communities

The hookworm Ancylostoma ceylanicum : An emerging public health risk in Australian tropical rainforests and Indigenous communities

Prevalence of Anaplasmataceae and Filariidae species in unowned and military dogs in New Caledonia

Prevalence, risk factors, and geographical distribution of zoonotic pathogens carried by peri-urban wild dogs

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