Dioxin characterisation, formation and minimisation during municipal solid waste (MSW) incineration: review

McKay, Gordon

doi:10.1016/s1385-8947(01)00228-5

Cited by 747 publications

(351 citation statements)

References 143 publications

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“…The mechanisms of PCDD/Fs formation in MSWI have been elucidated as the following three paths: (i) high-temperature pyrosynthesis, (ii) low-temperature de novo synthesis, (iii) formation from different organic precursors such as chlorophenols, chlorobenzenes, etc., and PCDD/Fs formation from (iii) is 10 2 -10 5 times faster than from (ii) (Addink and Olie, 1995;Tuppurainen et al, 1998;McKay, 2002;Stanmore, 2004). Model studies also showed that PCDD/ Fs formation from precursors is likely the predominance of the two proposed pathways (ii) and (iii) (Dickson et al, 1992).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Influence of metal oxides on PCDD/Fs formation from pentachlorophenol

et al. 2005

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The total suppressing efficiencies of several metal oxides including CaO, BaO, PbO, Ag 2 O, HgO and SnO which have lower Z/r (charge to radius ratio) <2 are all over 90%. The theories of generalized acid-base and atomic parameter (Z/r) were used to speculate the effecting mechanisms. The factors including time and temperature on suppressing efficiencies of CaO, BaO and PbO have also been studied in the present paper. The results showed that the total suppressing efficiencies of CaO, BaO and PbO increase with the increase of heated time and temperature.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Influence of metal oxides on PCDD/Fs formation from pentachlorophenol

et al. 2005

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“…Once released into various environmental compartments such as air, water, soil, sediment and food, they can be dispersed on global scale and pose serious health and environmental risks [3,4]. Thus, issues associated with unintentional POP formation, emission, transport, abatement, and environmental risk assessment have been intensively investigated [5][6][7][8][9]. Over the past decade, many sources of PCDD/Fs have been documented in national inventories, as required of signatories to the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A preliminary investigation of unintentional POP emissions from thermal wire reclamation at industrial scrap metal recycling parks in China

Nie

Zheng

Liu

et al. 2012

Journal of Hazardous Materials

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a b s t r a c tThermal wire reclamation is considered to be a potential source of unintentional persistent organic pollutants (unintentional POPs). In this study, unintentional POP concentrations, including PCDD/Fs, dioxin like PCBs (dl-PCBs), polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs), hexachlorobenzene (HxCBz) and pentachlorobenzene (PeCBz), were quantified in flue gas and residual ash emissions from thermal wire reclamation at scrap metal dismantling parks in Zhejiang Province, China. The total average TEQ emissions of the investigated unintentional POPs from flue gas and residual ash in two typical scrap metal recycling plants ranged from 13.1 to 48.3 ng TEQ N m −3 and 0.08 to 2.8 ng TEQ g −1 , respectively. The dominant PCDD/F congeners were OCDD, 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDD, OCDF and 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDF, while PCB-126 and PCB-169 were the main contributors to the toxicity of the dl-PCBs. There were clear differences in the distribution dl-PCBs congeners contributing to the TEQ concentrations in the flue gas samples from the two plants. The PCN TEQs were dominated by PCN-66/67 and PCN-73. Although thermal wire reclamation in incinerators has been proposed as an alternative to open burning, there are still considerable environmental risks associated with regulated incinerators, and unintentional POP emissions from thermal wire reclamation sites need to be controlled by local government agencies.

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“…During cooking, the gas phase was trapped using XAD-2 resin. Before sampling, 13 C 12 -labeled standards EN-1948 SS (1,2,3,7,1,2,3,7,8,1,2,3,4,7,8, were added to the XAD-2 resin to monitor the sampling process. A stainless steel plate (diameter = 32 cm) was placed between the bowl and the stove to stop fat splashing directly onto the stove during cooking.…”

Section: ' Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cooking Process: A New Source of Unintentionally Produced Dioxins?

Dong

Liu

et al. 2011

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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To improve understanding of human background exposure to dioxins, the influence of cooking on dioxin concentrations in food has received much attention. Studies have focused on changes in the distribution of dioxins that originate from raw foods. However, the possibility of dioxin formation during cooking has been neglected. In this study, cooking experiments were designed to investigate the generation of dioxins during cooking at high temperature and with flavorings containing organic chlorine. Solid, liquid, and gas phase samples were collected during cooking. The results indicate that dioxins can be generated during some cooking processes, such as burning, or when cooking with reactive organic chlorides, and the dioxins are more likely to be present in the smoke (gas phase) than the edible portion (solid and liquid phases). Thus, more attention should be given to cooking of raw foods and organic chlorine-containing flavorings at high temperature. Maintaining good ventilation during cooking is also necessary to reduce human exposure risk to dioxins.

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Dioxin characterisation, formation and minimisation during municipal solid waste (MSW) incineration: review

Cited by 747 publications

References 143 publications

Influence of metal oxides on PCDD/Fs formation from pentachlorophenol

Influence of metal oxides on PCDD/Fs formation from pentachlorophenol

A preliminary investigation of unintentional POP emissions from thermal wire reclamation at industrial scrap metal recycling parks in China

Cooking Process: A New Source of Unintentionally Produced Dioxins?

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