Dioxins in U.S. food and estimated daily intake

Schecter, Arnold; Startin, James R.; Wright, Christopher I.; Kelly, Mitchell; Päpke, Olaf; Lis, A.; Ball, Michael; Olson, James R.

doi:10.1016/0045-6535(94)90393-x

Cited by 56 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Consequently, food ingestion is the main source of dioxin exposure in humans who are at the top of the food chain. 9,10) In order to evaluate the extent of dioxin exposure in humans, a number of surveys have been performed in various countries to determine PCDD/PCDF and dioxin-like PCB dietary intake. In Japan, Tsutsumi et al 10) have studied daily dietary intake of PCDDs/PCDFs and dioxin-like PCBs based an analysis of diets throughout the country.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A number of researchers have concluded that the primary source of dioxin exposure in humans is consumption of animal and fish fat. 9,10) While dioxin exposure in Europe and America is primarily due to the consumption of meat, eggs, and dairy products, consumption of seafood is a major source of dioxin exposure in Japan. Absorbed dioxins are distributed to organs via the blood.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…9,19,21) It is important to elucidate the distribution and modes of transfer of dioxins to the human fetus and human infants.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Distribution of PCDDs/PCDFs and Co-PCBs in Human Maternal Blood, Cord Blood, Placenta, Milk, and Adipose Tissue: Dioxins Showing High Toxic Equivalency Factor Accumulate in the Placenta

Suzuki

Nakano

Nakano³

2005

Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Distribution of PCDDs/PCDFs and Co-PCBs in Human Maternal Blood, Cord Blood, Placenta, Milk, and Adipose Tissue: Dioxins Showing High Toxic Equivalency Factor Accumulate in the Placenta

Suzuki

Nakano

Nakano³

2005

Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry

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“…In Japan, 60-80% of dioxin intake is through seafood consumption (Tsutsumi et al 2001), while in Europe and North American, the primary sources of dioxins and PCBs are meat, eggs and dairy products (Schecter et al 1994;). These differences reflect the regional differences in dietary composition.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations of diet with body burden of dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs): Observations on pregnant women from central Taiwan

Huang

Chao

Wang

et al. 2007

Food Additives and Contaminants

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The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between placental polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, dibenzofurans (PCDD/F) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) toxic equivalent (TEQ) levels and the consumption of various food types in pregnant women from central Taiwan. Placental PCDD/Fs and PCB congener TEQ levels were evaluated in 109 pregnant women and dietary information was obtained by questionnaire. TEQ levels of PCDD/Fs and PCBs were positively associated with age and annual family incomes (p < 0.05). PCDD/F TEQs were significantly associated with freshwater fish and dairy product consumption after adjustment for age and body mass index (BMI) (p < 0.05). For PCB TEQs, significant associations were detected for saltwater fish consumption (p < 0.05). In summary, positive correlations were found between freshwater fish and dairy product intake and PCDD/F levels, and a marginal correlation between saltwater fish intake and the body burden of PCBs in pregnant women from central Taiwan. Risk assessment of PCDD/Fs and PCB in fishery products is warranted in a future study to quantify the benefits of fish consumption during the perinatal period.

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“…In this sense,Schecter et al (1994) checked that food, especially meat, milk, and fish, is the immediate source of almost all PCDDs, PCDFs and DL-PCBs in the general population. The main pathways of PCDDs and PCDFs entry into food chains are atmospheric transport of emissions and their subsequent deposition on plants, soils, and water.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Critical Review about Human Exposure to Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-Dioxins (PCDDs), Polychlorinated Dibenzofurans (PCDFs) and Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) through Foods

Fernández-González

Yebra-Pimentel

Martínez-Carballo

et al. 2013

Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition

111

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Dioxins include polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), and part of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Only the compounds that are chlorinated at the 2,3,7, and 8 positions have characteristic dioxin toxicity. PCDDs, PCDFs and PCBs accumulate in the food chain due to their high lipophilicity, high stability, and low vapor pressure. They are not metabolized easily; however their hydroxylated metabolites are detected in feces. They cause a wide range of endocrine disrupting effects in experimental animals, wildlife, and humans. Endocrine related effects of PCDDs, PCDFs and PCBs on thyroid hormones, neurodevelopment and reproductive development were referenced. In addition, some studies of contamination of foods, bioaccumulation, dietary exposure assessment, as well as challenges of scientific research in these compounds were reviewed.

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Dioxins in U.S. food and estimated daily intake

Cited by 56 publications

References 9 publications

Distribution of PCDDs/PCDFs and Co-PCBs in Human Maternal Blood, Cord Blood, Placenta, Milk, and Adipose Tissue: Dioxins Showing High Toxic Equivalency Factor Accumulate in the Placenta

Distribution of PCDDs/PCDFs and Co-PCBs in Human Maternal Blood, Cord Blood, Placenta, Milk, and Adipose Tissue: Dioxins Showing High Toxic Equivalency Factor Accumulate in the Placenta

Associations of diet with body burden of dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs): Observations on pregnant women from central Taiwan

A Critical Review about Human Exposure to Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-Dioxins (PCDDs), Polychlorinated Dibenzofurans (PCDFs) and Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) through Foods

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