Diphallia with Associated Anomalies: A Case Report and Literature Review

Tirtayasa, Pande Made Wisnu; Prasetyo, Robertus Bebet; Rodjani, Arry

doi:10.1155/2013/192960

Cited by 23 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 13 publications

(36 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The duplication can be orthotopic or ectopic, sagittal or coronal, symmetric or asymmetric, and of varying sizes or shapes . Most penile duplications result in a single corpus cavernosum in each organ . Additionally, there can be malformations and duplications in other parts of the genitourinary (GU), gastrointestinal (GI), and skeletal systems.…”

Section: Genital Duplication Malformationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The embryologic cause of diphallia is not completely understood, and some explanations are controversial . The karyotype is usually 46XY (ie, normal), which makes the duplication difficult to explain because the genital tubercle is never a paired structure during normal development. A previous explanation was that penile and bladder duplications occurred because of an incomplete fusion of a bilateral embryonic area (eg, a bud) that forms into a structure (eg, a penis) .…”

Section: Genital Duplication Malformationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The karyotype is usually 46XY (ie, normal), which makes the duplication difficult to explain because the genital tubercle is never a paired structure during normal development. A previous explanation was that penile and bladder duplications occurred because of an incomplete fusion of a bilateral embryonic area (eg, a bud) that forms into a structure (eg, a penis) . Others believed it to be a form of atavism, which is the reappearance of characteristics in an individual from a remote ancestor that have been absent for generations.…”

Section: Genital Duplication Malformationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The atavistic theory was based on the fact that reptiles, such as snakes and lizards, are diphallic. Two other theories were that diphallia could be a teratoid (ie, abnormal) structure or, conversely, a form of incomplete birthing of twins . However, none of these hypotheses are sufficient considering the range of anomalies that can occur.…”

Section: Genital Duplication Malformationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Diphallia, Double Bladder, and Two Hemiscrotums: A Case Report

Dunn¹,

Fine²

2019

AORN Journal

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Complete diphallia, a rare urogenital congenital anomaly in which a male is born with two fully formed phalluses, occurs in one out of every five to six million live births. The condition is characterized by two separate phalluses, each of which comprise a pair of corpora cavernosa and one corpus spongiosum with an orthotopic urethra. Approximately 100 cases have been reported worldwide, and it is thought that each case is unique. This article discusses diphallia, urethral duplication, and bladder duplication and concludes with a case study involving a three‐year‐old male born to consanguineous parents from a small, remote community in Ecuador who underwent surgery for correction of a complete coronal penile and bladder duplication. After consultation, the patient was scheduled for a right penectomy and cystoplasty.

show abstract

Section: Genital Duplication Malformationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Genital Duplication Malformationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Genital Duplication Malformationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Genital Duplication Malformationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Diphallia, Double Bladder, and Two Hemiscrotums: A Case Report

Dunn¹,

Fine²

2019

AORN Journal

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Diphallia and bifid phallus. Diphallia or penile duplication is an extremely rare congenital anomaly, occurring once in every 5.5 million live births (Tirtayasa et al, 2013). True complete diphallia refers to complete penile duplication, each with two corpora cavernosa and a corpus spongiosum.…”

Section: Defective Morphogenesis Of the Primordia Of The External Genmentioning

confidence: 99%

When hormone defects cannot explain it: Malformative disorders of sex development

Grinspon

Rey

2014

Birth Defects Research Pt C

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The birth of a baby with malformations of the genitalia urges medical action. Even in cases where the condition is not life-threatening, the identification of the external genitalia as male or female is emotionally essential for the family, and genital malformations represent one of the most stressful situations around a newborn. The female or male configuration of the genitalia normally evolves during fetal life according to the genetic, gonadal, and hormonal sex. Disorders of sex development occur when male hormone (androgens and anti-Müllerian hormone) secretion or action is insufficient in the 46,XY fetus or when there is an androgen excess in the 46,XX fetus. However, sex hormone defects during fetal development cannot explain all congenital malformations of the reproductive tract. This review is focused on those congenital conditions in which gonadal function and sex hormone target organ sensitivity are normal and, therefore, not responsible for the genital malformation. Furthermore, because the reproductive and urinary systems share many common pathways in embryo-fetal development, conditions associating urogenital malformations are discussed.

show abstract

Carcinosarcoma is an aggressive subtype of bladder cancer: A population‐based study

2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background Case reports of bladder carcinosarcoma (BCS) indicate high rates of recurrence and metastasis and poor prognosis. However, the differences in clinicopathologic characteristics and prognosis between BCS and conventional bladder cancer histologies (transitional cell carcinoma [TCC], squamous cell carcinoma [SCC] and adenocarcinoma [AC]) have not been fully clarified in a large study. Therefore, we conducted a large population‐based study to further investigate these differences. Patients and methods Information on patients with BCS and conventional bladder cancer (TCC, SCC or AC) was extracted from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. Categorical variables were compared using Pearson's chi‐squared test or Fisher's exact test. Survival analysis was carried out using the Kaplan–Meier method, and differences in survival were assessed using the log‐rank test. Propensity score matching analysis was conducted to calibrate the differences between the baseline characteristics, after which Cox regression analysis was applied to calculate the hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals of BCS compared to other subtypes. Subgroup analysis and related interaction were tested to evaluate the consistency and heterogeneity of results. Results We enrolled 152 patients with BCS and 180,196 patients with TCC, SCC or AC. Our results showed that BCS was associated with poor differentiation, advanced stage and an unfavourable overall survival and cancer‐specific survival. BCS had a worse prognosis than TCC and AC, but no statistically significant difference in survival was noted between BCS and SCC. Conclusions BCS is a more aggressive bladder cancer than TCC and AC but is comparable to SCC. These findings broaden our understanding of BCS and may be helpful in clinical practice.

show abstract

Diphallia with Associated Anomalies: A Case Report and Literature Review

Cited by 23 publications

References 13 publications

Diphallia, Double Bladder, and Two Hemiscrotums: A Case Report

Diphallia, Double Bladder, and Two Hemiscrotums: A Case Report

When hormone defects cannot explain it: Malformative disorders of sex development

Carcinosarcoma is an aggressive subtype of bladder cancer: A population‐based study

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About