Diphtheria outbreak with high mortality in northeastern Nigeria

Besa, N. C.; Coldiron, Matthew E.; Bakri, Ahmad Haj; Raji, A; Nsuami, Malanda; Rousseau, Cyril; Hurtado, Northan; Porten, Klaudia

doi:10.1017/s0950268813001696

Cited by 57 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…A diphtheria epidemic in the former Soviet Union in the 1990s resulted in N 157.000 cases claiming~5000 lives (Dittmann et al, 2000). Yet, this pathogen is not under control, and the have been multiple outbreaks in different countries since 2000 including Colombia (Landazabal et al, 2001), India (Parande et al, 2014;Saikia et al, 2010), Norway (Rasmussen et al, 2011), Nigeria (Besa et al, 2014), Thailand (Wanlapakorn et al, 2014), and more recently in Brazil (Santos et al, 2015), Laos (Nanthavong et al, 2015) and Indonesia (Hughes et al, 2015).…”

Section: Diphtheriae Is Genetically Diversementioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution, epidemiology and diversity of Corynebacterium diphtheriae : New perspectives on an old foe

Sangal

Hoskisson

2016

Infection, Genetics and Evolution

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Section: Diphtheriae Is Genetically Diversementioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution, epidemiology and diversity of Corynebacterium diphtheriae : New perspectives on an old foe

Sangal

Hoskisson

2016

Infection, Genetics and Evolution

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“…One such pathway is found in the pathogen Corynebacterium diphtheriae , a Gram-positive bacterium which is the causative agent of diphtheria (49–53), a well-known upper respiratory tract disease that carries a high mortality rate in humans (54). Diphtheria is still common in developing countries due to low vaccination rates (55;56).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Heme Binding by Corynebacterium diphtheriae HmuT: Function and Heme Environment

et al. 2015

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The heme uptake pathway (hmu) of Corynebacterium diphtheriae utilizes multiple proteins to bind and transport heme into the cell. One of these proteins, HmuT, delivers heme to the ABC transporter HmuUV. In this study, the axial ligation of the heme in ferric HmuT is probed by examination of wild-type HmuT and a series of conserved heme pocket residue mutants, H136A, Y235A, and M292A. Characterization by UV-visible, resonance Raman, and magnetic circular dichroism spectroscopies indicate that H136 and Y235 are the axial ligands in ferric HmuT. Consistent with this assignment of axial ligands, ferric WT and H136A HmuT are difficult to reduce while Y235A reduces readily in the presence of dithionite. Raman frequencies of the FeCO distortions in WT, H136A, and Y235A HmuT–CO complexes provide further evidence for the axial ligand assignments. Additionally, the se frequencies provide insight into the nonbonding environment of the heme pocket. Ferrous Y235A and the Y235A–CO complex reveal that the imidazole of H136 exists in two forms, one neutral and one with imidazolate character, consistent with a hydrogen-bond acceptor on the H136 side of the heme. The ferric fluoride complex of Y235A reveals the presence of at least one hydrogen-bond donor on the Y235 side of the heme. Hemoglobin utilization assays showed that the axial Y235 ligand is required for heme uptake in HmuT.

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“…The epidemic was rapidly put under control through massive, well-coordinated international assistance and vaccinations (Dittmann et al, 2000). There have been sporadic outbreaks in Lesotho in 1989 (van Geldermalsen andWenning, 1993) and Nigeria; the latter occurred in 2014 with a case fatality rate of 24% (Besa et al, 2014). The threat of diphtheria remains high, as such, the search for new prophylactic and therapeutic agents against the disease should continue.…”

Section: Fight Against Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Therapeutic and Prophylactic Potential of Morama (Tylosema esculentum): A Review

et al. 2015

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Tylosema esculentum (morama) is a highly valued traditional food and source of medicine for the San and other indigenous populations that inhabit the arid to semi-arid parts of Southern Africa. Morama beans are a rich source of phenolic acids, flavonoids, certain fatty acids, non-essential amino acids, certain phytosterols, tannins and minerals. The plant's tuber contains griffonilide, behenic acid and starch. Concoctions of extracts from morama bean, tuber and other local plants are frequently used to treat diarrhoea and digestive disorders by the San and other indigenous populations. Information on composition and bioactivity of phytochemical components of T. esculentum suggests that the polyphenol-rich extracts of the bean testae and cotyledons have great potential as sources of chemicals that inhibit infectious microorganisms (viral, bacterial and fungal, including drug-resistant strains), offer protection against certain non-communicable diseases and promote wound healing and gut health. The potential antinutritional properties of a few morama components are also highlighted. More research is necessary to reveal the full prophylactic and therapeutic potential of the plant against diseases of the current century. Research on domestication and conservation of the plant offers new hope for sustainable utilisation of the plant.

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Diphtheria outbreak with high mortality in northeastern Nigeria

Cited by 57 publications

References 11 publications

Evolution, epidemiology and diversity of Corynebacterium diphtheriae : New perspectives on an old foe

Evolution, epidemiology and diversity of Corynebacterium diphtheriae : New perspectives on an old foe

Heme Binding by Corynebacterium diphtheriae HmuT: Function and Heme Environment

Therapeutic and Prophylactic Potential of Morama (Tylosema esculentum): A Review

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