Dipolar relaxation in a second-order nonlinear optical interpenetrating polymer network

Chen, J. I.; Marturunkakul, S.; Li, L.; Jeng, R. J.; Kumar, Jitendra; Tripathy, S. K.

doi:10.1021/ma00078a043

Cited by 26 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…The value was obviously lower outside the resonance range (d33 = 34 pm/V at 1.34 pm/V). Although higher quadratic coefficients have been reported shortly after poling for the red 17 chromophore in a gel matrix (Lebeau et al, 1996), our new sol-gel system clearly shows a significant improvement in quadratic nonlinear stability compared to pre- viously proposed nonlinear gels (Chen et al, 1993;Izawa et al, 1993;Yang et al, 1994;Kalluri et al, 1994;Lebeau et al, 1996).…”

Section: Quadratic Optical Nonlinearitymentioning

confidence: 56%

“…In the past few years, studies have also been focused on nonlinear sol-gel systems (Puccetti et al, 1991;Chen et al, 1993;Izawa et al, 1993;Yang et al, 1994;Kalluri et al, 1994;Lebeau et al, 1996). Sol-gel technology provides an attractive route to the preparation of a rigid amorphous inorganic matrix at ambient temperatures, which could slow down the molecular orientational motion which induces randomization.…”

Section: Quadratic Optical Nonlinearitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Covalent grafting of optically active molecules on silica gels

et al. 1997

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Active organic molecules are grafied on the xerogel silica matrix by using functionalized alkoxides f-R '-Si(OEt),, where f is a chemical function and R' is an alkyl spacer to limit the degrees of freedom of the molecules. Organic-inorganic hybrid films are prepared in which optically nonlinear DRI chromophores are covalently bound to the silica network. These films exhibit a large and stable second-order nonlinear coeficient from second harmonic generation experiments. Protopolphyrin molecules are attached double covalently to the xerogel matrix via jlexible organic spacers. Persistent spectral holes are still burnt with moderate fluency at 120 K

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Section: Quadratic Optical Nonlinearitymentioning

confidence: 56%

Section: Quadratic Optical Nonlinearitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Covalent grafting of optically active molecules on silica gels

et al. 1997

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“…This is in contrast to the fast decay of the oriented dipoles of other NLO guest-host systems at temperatures close to T g . [48][49][50][51]…”

Section: Temporal Relaxation Behaviormentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and macroscopic second-order nonlinear optical properties of poly(ether imide)s containing a novel two-dimensional carbazole chromophore with nitro acceptors

2002

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Taking advantage of the multifunctional characteristics of carbazole along with rational molecular design, a two-dimensional carbazole chromophore with strong nitro acceptors was synthesized by a facile synthetic route. A first molecular hyperpolarizability of 163 6 10 230 esu was acquired through solvatochromic methods. By doping of the chromophores into an organosoluble poly(ether imide), a series of guest-host NLO polymers were acquired. A high doping level up to 20 wt% was obtained without observing aggregation of NLO chromophores. The compatibility between chromophore and poly(ether imide) was also investigated by SEM and extraction experiments. In terms of compatibility, the molecular weight distribution of the polymer plays an important role. The second harmonic coefficients (d 33 ) for the NLO-active poly(ether imide)s range from 7 to 23 pm V 21 depending on the doping level. The effect of two-dimensional structure on the NLO temporal stability was investigated by tracing the second harmonic coefficient as a function of time. Moreover, the relaxation behavior of the NLO systems was further examined by dielectric analysis. Large rotational cone volumes give the two-dimensional chromophore excellent orientational stability when the temperature approaches the glass transition temperature observed from DEA.

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“…15,16 Azobenzene derivatives have widely been investigated as promising NLO materials 17,18 because of their high hyperpolarizability, easy methods of preparation, and better processibility. Regarding synthesis strategies, still the synthesis of chromophorecontaining monomer followed by polymerization remains the most convenient route.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, such systems suffer from severe drawbacks—the poled NLO moiety in the polymer matrix tends to relax easily leading to a loss of second‐order parameters,13 the concentration of NLO moiety that can be conveniently used as dopant is limited; also the NLO moiety tends to leach out of the host matrix at higher temperatures resulting in phase separation 14. One solution for the stability problem could be the use of polymers with high glass transition temperatures covalently bonded to the NLO moiety 15, 16…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and characterization of azo‐based acrylate polymers for use as nonlinear optical materials

Rekha

Ratna

Samui

2006

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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In this work, high molecular weight azo polymers were synthesized by incorporating the azo monomer into a base polymer through their reactive functional groups. Copolymers of methyl methacrylate and methacrylic acid (with varying concentrations of carboxylic acid group) were synthesized. These were then reacted with epoxy-terminated azo molecule by carboxylic acid-epoxy reaction. The functionalized systems show excellent film homogeneity and optical clarity. The series of copolymers were characterized using FTIR, NMR, UV-vis spectrometry, gel permeation chromatography, elemental analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, and differential scanning calorimetry. The polymer films coated on ITO glass slides were poled and their order parameters were calculated to check the stability of oriented dipoles. Temporal stability, checked up to 120 h under ambient conditions, was found to be excellent.

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Dipolar relaxation in a second-order nonlinear optical interpenetrating polymer network

Cited by 26 publications

References 4 publications

Covalent grafting of optically active molecules on silica gels

Covalent grafting of optically active molecules on silica gels

Synthesis and macroscopic second-order nonlinear optical properties of poly(ether imide)s containing a novel two-dimensional carbazole chromophore with nitro acceptors

Synthesis and characterization of azo‐based acrylate polymers for use as nonlinear optical materials

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