Direct air capture: process technology, techno-economic and socio-political challenges

Erans, María; Sanz-Pérez, Eloy S.; Hanak, Dawid P.; Clulow, Zeynep; Reiner, David; Mutch, Greg A.

doi:10.1039/d1ee03523a

Cited by 330 publications

(236 citation statements)

References 361 publications

(683 reference statements)

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“…We focused on economic implications and did not consider in our analysis political and social dynamics that can favor the timely adoption of the 1.5°C- committed pathway proposed, because it is outside of our expertise. For these aspects we suggest the interested readers to refer to other studies (see for example Refs ( Erans et al., 2022 ; Heuberger et al., 2018 ; Otto et al., 2020 )).…”

Section: Limitations Of the Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of carbon capture, utilization, and storage for economic pathways that limit global warming to below 1.5°C

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et al. 2022

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Section: Limitations Of the Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of carbon capture, utilization, and storage for economic pathways that limit global warming to below 1.5°C

Vitillo

Eisaman

Aradóttir³

et al. 2022

iScience

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“…However, given the low concentrations of CO 2 in the air (less than 500 ppm), this technology has not yet reached the required maturity, although efforts are under way to improve and increase the associated technology readiness level (TRL) [64]. Detailed overviews of the current and future status of DAC can be found in [65][66][67][68]. In any case, CSS is so far largely associated with the capture of CO 2 from a stationary point source and this concept is schematically depicted in Figure 4 [69].…”

Section: Carbon Capture and Storage (Ccs)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances on CO2 Mitigation Technologies: On the Role of Hydrogenation Route via Green H2

et al. 2022

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The increasing trend in global energy demand has led to an extensive use of fossil fuels and subsequently in a marked increase in atmospheric CO2 content, which is the main culprit for the greenhouse effect. In order to successfully reverse this trend, many schemes for CO2 mitigation have been proposed, taking into consideration that large-scale decarbonization is still infeasible. At the same time, the projected increase in the share of variable renewables in the future energy mix will necessitate large-scale curtailment of excess energy. Collectively, the above crucial problems can be addressed by the general scheme of CO2 hydrogenation. This refers to the conversion of both captured CO2 and green H2 produced by RES-powered water electrolysis for the production of added-value chemicals and fuels, which are a great alternative to CO2 sequestration and the use of green H2 as a standalone fuel. Indeed, direct utilization of both CO2 and H2 via CO2 hydrogenation offers, on the one hand, the advantage of CO2 valorization instead of its permanent storage, and the direct transformation of otherwise curtailed excess electricity to stable and reliable carriers such as methane and methanol on the other, thereby bypassing the inherent complexities associated with the transformation towards a H2-based economy. In light of the above, herein an overview of the two main CO2 abatement schemes, Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) and Carbon Capture and Utilization (CCU), is firstly presented, focusing on the route of CO2 hydrogenation by green electrolytic hydrogen. Next, the integration of large-scale RES-based H2 production with CO2 capture units on-site industrial point sources for the production of added-value chemicals and energy carriers is contextualized and highlighted. In this regard, a specific reference is made to the so-called Power-to-X schemes, exemplified by the production of synthetic natural gas via the Power-to-Gas route. Lastly, several outlooks towards the future of CO2 hydrogenation are presented.

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“…The basis for achieving zero emissions by 2050 is primarily the implementation by decision makers of plans and a decisive acceleration of the departure from technologies emitting large amounts of carbon dioxide. CO 2 removal is a key tool on the path to net zero emissions, provided that emissions are simultaneously reduced quickly and efficiently [6,13]. CCUS (Carbon Capture Utilisation and Storage) is not the latest technology [14], but its potential and the fact that it can be an important part of international climate improvement policies have only been recognised relatively recently.…”

Section: Activities On a Global Scalementioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon Capture Utilisation and Storage Technology Development in a Region with High CO2 Emissions and Low Storage Potential—A Case Study of Upper Silesia in Poland

et al. 2022

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The region of Upper Silesia, located in southern Poland, is characterised by very high emissions of carbon dioxide into the air—the annual emission exceeds 33 Mt CO2 and the emission ‘per capita’ is 7.2 t/y in comparison to the EU average emission per capita 6.4 t/y and 8.4 t/y for Poland in 2019. Although in the region there are over 100 carbon dioxide emitters covered by the EU ETS, over 90% of emissions come from approximately 15 large hard coal power plants and from the coke and metallurgical complex. The CCUS scenario for Upper Silesia, which encompasses emitters, capture plants, transport routes, as well as utilisation and storage sites until 2050, was developed. The baseline scenario assumes capture of carbon dioxide in seven installations, use in two methanol plants and transport and injection into two deep saline aquifers (DSA). The share of captured CO2 from flue gas was assumed at the level of 0.25–0.9, depending mainly on the limited capacity of storage. To recognise the views of society on development of the CCUS technologies in Upper Silesia, thirteen interviews with different types of stakeholders (industry, research and education, policy makers) were conducted. The respondents evaluated CCU much better than CCS. The techno-economic assessment of CCUS carried out on a scenario basis showed that the economic outcome of the scenario with CCUS is EUR 3807.19 million more favourable compared to the scenario without CO2 capture and storage.

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Direct air capture: process technology, techno-economic and socio-political challenges

Abstract: This comprehensive review appraises the state-of-the-art in direct air capture materials, processes, economics, sustainability, and policy, to inform, challenge and inspire a broad audience of researchers, practitioners, and policymakers.

Cited by 330 publications

References 361 publications

The role of carbon capture, utilization, and storage for economic pathways that limit global warming to below 1.5°C

The role of carbon capture, utilization, and storage for economic pathways that limit global warming to below 1.5°C

Recent Advances on CO2 Mitigation Technologies: On the Role of Hydrogenation Route via Green H2

Carbon Capture Utilisation and Storage Technology Development in a Region with High CO2 Emissions and Low Storage Potential—A Case Study of Upper Silesia in Poland

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