Direct and indirect costs associated with ankylosing spondylitis and related disease activity scores in Turkey

Akkoç, Nurullah; Direşkeneli, Haner; Erdem, Hakan; Gül, Ahmet; Kabasakal, Yasemin; Kiraz, Sedat; Tezer, Dilara Balkan; Hacibedel, Basak; Hamuryudan, Vedat

doi:10.1007/s00296-015-3236-y

Cited by 16 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Furthermore, the items addressed in the 15D questionnaires might be considered easier to respond to [ 20 , 22 ], which is also our clinical experience [ 28 ]. Another explanation for the lack of association between co-morbidity and HRQoL might be the low number of co-morbidities in our patients, which seemed to be lower than in previous studies [ 24 ].…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 60%

“…There is sparse knowledge on the associations between demographic- and disease-related variables and HRQoL using utility measures in patients with ax-SpA, especially after the introduction of new and more targeted medications [ 24 ]. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore the relationships between demographic- and disease-related variables and HRQoL in patients with ax-SpA, using the utility measures 15D and SF-6D and the generic HRQoL measure SF-36.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The relationship between demographic- and disease-related variables and health-related quality of life in patients with axial spondyloarthritis

Rohde

Berg

Prøven

et al. 2017

BMC Musculoskelet Disord

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BackgroundAxial spondyloarthritis (ax-SpA) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the spine causing pain, stiffness, loss in physical function, and fatigue. Therefore, the physical and psychological burden of having this chronic disease can reduce the quality of life. We aimed to explore the relationship between demographic- and disease-related variables and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in patients with ax-SpA.MethodsDemographic- and disease-related, HRQoL-related and treatment data were collected. Disease measures included the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI), the BAS Functional Index (BASFI), the BAS Global (BAS-G) score, the Maastricht Ankylosing Spondylitis Enthesitis Score (MASES), the Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) and co-morbidity. HRQoL was assessed using the SF-36 and the utility measures SF-6D and 15D. Variables associated with HRQoL were identified in unadjusted and adjusted analyses.ResultsWe examined 380 patients with ax-SpA (67% men) with a mean age of 46 years. Among them, 86% reported exercising >1 h per week. Mean values were as follows: BASDAI, 3.17; MASES, 3.19; BASFI, 2.71; BAS-G. 3.88; and HAQ, 0.56. The percentage of current users of NSAIDs was 44%, and of DMARDs 23%. In multivariate analyses, exercising 1–3 h per week (B = 2.73, p = 0.022) and exercising >3 h per week (B = 2.71, p = 0.020), lower HAQ scores (B = −4.61, p = 0.001), lower BASFI scores (B = −1.05, p = 0.010) and lower BAS-G scores (B = −0.91, p = 0.001) were independently associated with higher SF-36-PCS scores, whereas modest alcohol consumption (B = 4.63, p = 0.018) and a lower BAS-G score (B = −1.73, p < 0.001) were independently associated with higher SF-36-MCS scores. Exercising 1–3 h per week (B = 0.032, p = 0.004) and exercising >3 h per week (B = 0.036, p = 0.001), lower HAQ scores (B = −0.051, p < 0.001), lower BAS-G scores (B = −0.010, p < 0.001) and co-morbidity (B = −0.014, p = 0.004) were independently associated with higher 15D scores. Finally, exercising 1–3 h per week (B = 0.045, p = 0.001) and exercising > 3 h per week (B = 0.053, p < 0.001), lower HAQ scores (B = −0.054, p = 0.001) and lower BAS-G scores (B = −0.020, p < 0.001) were associated with higher SF-6D scores.ConclusionsIn patients with ax-SpA, a low level of physical activity, impaired physical function and impaired general well-being were independently and consistently associated with a decreased HRQoL across all applied measures.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 60%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The relationship between demographic- and disease-related variables and health-related quality of life in patients with axial spondyloarthritis

Rohde

Berg

Prøven

et al. 2017

BMC Musculoskelet Disord

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“…The main expense for the mean annual direct costs per year in Singapore was medications, consistent with other studies . The direct cost in Singapore was higher than in Hong Kong (USD 3368) but comparable to that of South Korea (USD 7981) among Asian countries.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…Singapore was medications, consistent with other studies. 14,30 The direct cost in Singapore was higher than in Hong Kong (USD 3368) 7 but comparable to that of South Korea (USD 7981) 8 among Asian countries. However, the Hong Kong 7 study was done more than 10 years ago when biologic treatment was not widely available.…”

Section: The Main Expense For the Mean Annual Direct Costs Per Year Inmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Annual indirect cost is defined as the loss in productivity due to a disease . The annual indirect cost was estimated using the human capital approach (HCA), which estimates all potential earning lost assuming there is no underemployment . The HCA is selected as it can also be used to estimate productivity loss for unpaid labor (eg: homemakers and retirees) .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The direct and indirect costs of axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) in Singapore

et al. 2020

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Objective To estimate the economic annual direct and indirect costs of axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) in Singapore, and to identify factors associated with these costs. Methods A retrospective, cross‐sectional, Institutional Review Board‐approved study was conducted. A questionnaire was administered to the patients between 2013 and 2016 from the Singapore General Hospital (SGH) spondyloarthritis registry. Direct medical costs and indirect costs were estimated using the SGH database and the human capital approach respectively. Multivariate analyses using generalized linear model with gamma distribution and a log‐linked function was conducted to identify factors associated with these total, direct and indirect costs. All costs were adjusted to 2017 using the Singapore Consumer Price Index and converted to 2017 US dollars (USD) by purchasing power parity. Results A total of 135 consecutive patients were included in the study, with a mean age of 40.4 ± 13.2 years. The overall annual total economic cost to society was around USD 74 790 820, with annual direct cost being the main component of total cost (90.8%). Annual direct cost was around USD 67 931 457, while annual indirect cost was around USD 6 855 951. Presence of extra‐spinal symptoms (ever) was associated with an increase in total and direct costs. Higher education level and Patient Global Assessment were associated with an increase in indirect costs. Lack of employment was associated with a decrease in indirect costs. Conclusion The disease burden of axSpA in Singapore is not trivial given that the disease is relatively common. This highlights the need for measures to accommodate patients with axSpA economically in Singapore.

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Relationships of Work Productivity and Activity Impairment With Patient‐Reported Outcomes in Ankylosing Spondylitis: Results From Two Trials

Magrey,

Wei,

Yndestad

et al. 2024

Arthritis Care & Research

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ObjectiveExamine the relationships of work productivity and activity impairment with key patient‐reported outcomes (PROs) assessing pain, disease activity, and health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS).MethodsThis post hoc analysis pooled available data from baseline to end of the double‐blind phase of phase II/III placebo‐controlled tofacitinib trials in patients with active AS. A repeated measures longitudinal model assessed the relationships (linear or non‐linear) between Work Productivity and Activity Impairment questionnaire in Spondyloarthritis (WPAI:SpA) domains (absenteeism, activity impairment, presenteeism, and productivity loss) as outcomes, and key PROs (total back pain, nocturnal spinal pain, Patient Global Assessment of Disease Activity, AS Quality of Life, EuroQol 5‐Dimension [EQ‐5D] 3‐Level, and EQ‐5D Visual Analog Scale) as predictors.ResultsData from 330–475 patients were available, depending on the analysis. Relationships between WPAI:SpA domains and PROs were approximately linear. The worst PRO scores were associated with a decline in patients’ work capacity (measured by activity impairment, presenteeism, and productivity loss [>65%]); the best scores were associated with improvements in WPAI:SpA domains (8–23%). Incremental PRO improvements were associated with improvement of activity impairment, presenteeism, and productivity loss. Relationships between absenteeism and PROs were the weakest, owing to absenteeism being low in the study population.ConclusionEvidence of linear relationships between work productivity and activity impairment with patient‐reported pain, disease activity, and HRQoL was observed. Interventions to control pain and disease activity and improve HRQoL are therefore likely to improve work productivity and reduce activity impairment in patients with AS.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

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Direct and indirect costs associated with ankylosing spondylitis and related disease activity scores in Turkey

Cited by 16 publications

References 22 publications

The relationship between demographic- and disease-related variables and health-related quality of life in patients with axial spondyloarthritis

The relationship between demographic- and disease-related variables and health-related quality of life in patients with axial spondyloarthritis

The direct and indirect costs of axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) in Singapore

Relationships of Work Productivity and Activity Impairment With Patient‐Reported Outcomes in Ankylosing Spondylitis: Results From Two Trials

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