Direct and indirect evidence of pre-seismic electromagnetic emissions associated with two large earthquakes in Japan

Chowdhury, Swati; Kundu, Subrata; Ghosh, Soujan; Hayakawa, Masashi; Schekotov, A.; Potirakis, Stelios M.; Chakrabarti, Sandip K.; Sasmal, Sudipta

doi:10.1007/s11069-022-05271-5

Cited by 15 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…We observe another pre-seismic indication for the PB enhancement almost two weeks before the EQ. In previous findings, Chowdhury et al [2022] reported a similar result for the Kumamoto EQ, 2016, where unusual particle (electron) burst enhancement was observed ten days before the EQ. A moderate enhancement of PBs is observed after the EQ on day number 294.…”

Section: Agw Anomaly As Computed From Vtecsupporting

confidence: 73%

“…So, for CR with non-Poisson distribution with 99% probability, the CRs must have values greater than or cross the 4𝜎 value and can be treated as PBs where 𝜎 is the standard deviation [Chakraborty et al, 2019;Sasmal et al, 2021;Chowdhury et al, 2022].…”

Section: Computation Of Particle Bursts (Pbs)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The anomalous emission and depression in Ultra Low Frequency (ULF) signal near the EQ epicenter can be treated as direct evidence of preseismic impression [Schekotov et al, 2006;Hayakawa et al, 2019Hayakawa et al, , 2023. This emission can be directly linked with magnetospheric variabilities by the concept of energetic particle burst in the radiation belt [Anagnostopoulos et al, 2012;Fidani et al, 2008;Fidani et al, 2021;Fidani et al, 2022;Chowdhury et al, 2022;Battiston et al, 2013].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…bursts (PBs), we follow the methods prescribed inFidani et al [2010],Chakraborty et al [2019],Sasmal et al [2021] andChowdhury et al [2022]. Firstly, we calculate the daily averages of the count rates (CRs) and define the condition for which the CR can be treated as PBs instead of statistical fluctuations.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Multi-parametric study of seismogenic anomalies during the 2021 Crete earthquake (M=6.0)

Sasmal,

Chowdhury,

Kundu

et al. 2023

Annals of Geophysics

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It is well established that pre- and co-seismic irregularities in the earth’s atmosphere highly depend on a set of parameters. According to the Lithosphere-Atmosphere-Ionosphere Coupling (LAIC) mechanism, these parameters are associated with various channels (thermal, chemical, acoustic, electromagnetic, etc.) through which an earthquake (EQ) preparation process can have its anomalous phenomena. In this research, we perform a multi-parametric observation using various channels during a strong EQ (M = 6.0) on September 27, 2021, on Crete Island in Greece. We investigate the acoustic and electromagnetic channel using ground and satellite-based observation. We present the Atmospheric Gravity Wave (AGW) in the acoustic channel using the temperature profile computed from the SABER/TIMED instrument. In the electromagnetic channel, ionospheric Total Electron Content (TEC) is recorded by the GNSS-IGS station DYNG in Greece. This TEC information is also used in the acoustic channel anomaly by computing the wave-like structures in the small-scale fluctuation of the TEC profile. We compute energetic (30 to 100 keV) electron precipitation in the inner radiation belt from the NOAA satellite. We also investigate the outcomes of the SWARM satellite to compute the magnetic field and electron density profile. All the parameters show significant seismogenic anomalies (mostly enhancement) before the EQ. To understand each parameter’s temporal and spatial sensitivity, we present a comparison using the anomalies in each parameter.

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Section: Agw Anomaly As Computed From Vtecsupporting

confidence: 73%

Section: Computation Of Particle Bursts (Pbs)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Multi-parametric study of seismogenic anomalies during the 2021 Crete earthquake (M=6.0)

Sasmal,

Chowdhury,

Kundu

et al. 2023

Annals of Geophysics

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“…The abnormalities were observed at Ito station in the Izu peninsula, Kamakura, Togane, and Katsuura in Chiba for the earthquake on November 14, 15, and 21, 2016. Besides VLF, Chowdhury et al [40] also showed direct and indirect evidence of preseismic electromagnetic emissions associated with the same earthquake in Japan. They used the lithospheric emission in the range of ULF waves as observed from the Kakioka observatory in Japan for direct measurement, and the particle enhancement (electron) observed from the space-based National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) satellites for indirect investigation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preseismic Perturbations and their Inhomogeneity as Computed from Ground‐ and Space‐Based Investigation during the 2016 Fukushima Earthquake

Biswas

Kundu

Sasmal³

et al. 2023

Journal of Sensors

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We present the atmospheric anomalies instigated through seismogenic sources by a multichannel observation using ground- and satellite-based systems. This study emphasizes the seismic event which happened on the east coast of Japan, near the Fukushima Prefecture on November 21, 2016 (in UTC), with a magnitude of 6.9 and a depth of 11.4 km. We mainly focus on the atmospheric and ionospheric irregularities via acoustic and electromagnetic channels originating from earthquakes in the process of the lithosphere, atmosphere, and ionospheric coupling (LAIC) mechanism. In the acoustic channel, we study the seismogenic atmospheric gravity wave (AGW) which perturbs the local lower atmosphere. The observation of nighttime fluctuations in the very low frequency (VLF) signals and total electron content (TEC) is used to investigate the atmospheric perturbation through the electromagnetic channel. For the ground-based observations, a VLF signal network consisting of 5 receivers in Japan is used to study by recording the VLF amplitude transmitted from the Japanese transmitter JJI (22.2 kHz). VLF nighttime fluctuation is used to check the unusualities due to the earthquake. Preseismic wavelike structures having periods of AGW are observed in the nighttime signal. Direct investigation of such AGWs is done by computing the potential energy related to AGW from the sounding of the atmosphere using broadband emission radiometry (SABER) temperature profiles mounted on the Thermosphere Ionosphere Mesosphere Energetics and Dynamics (TIMED) satellite. Ionospheric TEC inspection is done by using a ground-based global navigation satellite system (GNSS) receiver from the International GNSS Survey (IGS) station MIZU in Japan and observing anomalies in diurnal TEC around 6 and 10 days prior to the earthquake. We also obtain the wavelike structure of AGW from the small-scale fluctuation of TEC using wavelet analysis. All the parameters are found to be preseismic for this earthquake; the acoustics channel gives more consistent outcomes than the electromagnetic channel.

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Numerical modelling of sub-ionospheric Very Low Frequency radio signal anomalies during the Samos (Greece) earthquake (M = 6.9) on October 30, 2020

Biswas

Chowdhury

Sasmal

et al. 2022

Advances in Space Research

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Direct and indirect evidence of pre-seismic electromagnetic emissions associated with two large earthquakes in Japan

Cited by 15 publications

References 40 publications

Multi-parametric study of seismogenic anomalies during the 2021 Crete earthquake (M=6.0)

Multi-parametric study of seismogenic anomalies during the 2021 Crete earthquake (M=6.0)

Preseismic Perturbations and their Inhomogeneity as Computed from Ground‐ and Space‐Based Investigation during the 2016 Fukushima Earthquake

Numerical modelling of sub-ionospheric Very Low Frequency radio signal anomalies during the Samos (Greece) earthquake (M = 6.9) on October 30, 2020

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Direct and indirect evidence of pre-seismic electromagnetic emissions associated with two large earthquakes in Japan

Cited by 15 publications

References 40 publications

Multi-parametric study of seismogenic anomalies during the 2021 Crete earthquake (M=6.0)

Multi-parametric study of seismogenic anomalies during the 2021 Crete earthquake (M=6.0)

Preseismic Perturbations and their Inhomogeneity as Computed from Ground‐ and Space‐Based Investigation during the 2016 Fukushima Earthquake

Numerical modelling of sub-ionospheric Very Low Frequency radio signal anomalies during the Samos (Greece) earthquake (M = 6.9) on October 30, 2020

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Numerical modelling of sub-ionospheric Very Low Frequency radio signal anomalies during the Samos (Greece) earthquake (M = 6.9) on October 30, 2020