“…International Journal of Photoenergy developing countries like Malawi, Zambia, and Cambodia, and so forth. For the developments of future technologies, solarpowered LED lighting technologies [9][10][11][12][13] can offer the offgrid energy services for the rural area and for the poor, while white LED based PV lighting systems [14] and organic LED lighting technologies [15,16] can continue to be explored in the area of energy saving lighting technologies. Besides, power management and intelligent control [17][18][19], thermal analysis and optimization [20,21], cooling [22], and reliability issue [23] are also important for LED technology developments.…”