Direct carbon monoxide photoproduction from plant matter

Tarr, Matthew A.; Miller, William L.; Zepp, Richard G.

doi:10.1029/94jd03324

Cited by 111 publications

(113 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…A comparable value for the mean emission flux of ≈4.36×10 11 cm −2 s −1 is derived from the model study of Tao and Jain (2005). Additionally, field and laboratory studies suggest that CO is not only emitted by dead plant matter but also by live leaves (Scharffe et al, 1990;Tarr et al, 1995). Scharffe et al (1990) estimated a CO flux from termites and vegetation of 5×10 10 cm −2 s −1 in a scrub grass savannah in Venezuela.…”

Section: Measured Longitudinal Gradientsmentioning

confidence: 81%

Chemistry, transport and dry deposition of trace gases in the boundary layer over the tropical Atlantic Ocean and the Guyanas during the GABRIEL field campaign

et al. 2007

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Abstract. We present a comparison of different Lagrangian and chemical box model calculations with measurement data obtained during the GABRIEL campaign over the tropical Atlantic Ocean and the Amazon rainforest in the Guyanas, October 2005. Lagrangian modelling of boundary layer (BL) air constrained by measurements is used to derive a horizontal gradient (≈5.6 pmol/mol km −1 ) of CO from the ocean to the rainforest (east to west). This is significantly smaller than that derived from the measurements (16-48 pmol/mol km −1 ), indicating that photochemical production from organic precursors alone cannot explain the observed strong gradient. It appears that HCHO is overestimated by the Lagrangian and chemical box models, which include dry deposition but not exchange with the free troposphere (FT). The relatively short lifetime of HCHO implies substantial BL-FT exchange. The mixing-in of FT air affected by African and South American biomass burning at an estimated rate of 0.12 h −1 increases the CO and decreases the HCHO mixing ratios, improving agreement with measurements. A mean deposition velocity of 1.35 cm/s for H 2 O 2 over the ocean as well as over the rainforest is deduced assuming BL-FT exchange adequate to the results for CO. The measured increase of the organic peroxides from the ocean to the rainforest (≈0.66 nmol/mol d −1 ) is significantly overestimated by the Lagrangian model, even when using high values for the deposition velocity and the entrainment rate. Our results point at either heterogeneous loss of organic peroxides and/or their radical precursors, underestimated photodissociation or missing reaction paths of peroxy radicals not forming peroxides in isoprene chemistry. We calculate a mean integrated daytime net ozone production (NOP) in the Correspondence to: A. Stickler (alexander.stickler@env.ethz.ch) BL of (0.2±5.9) nmol/mol (ocean) and (2.4±2.1) nmol/mol (rainforest). The NOP strongly correlates with NO and has a positive tendency in the boundary layer over the rainforest.

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Section: Measured Longitudinal Gradientsmentioning

confidence: 81%

Chemistry, transport and dry deposition of trace gases in the boundary layer over the tropical Atlantic Ocean and the Guyanas during the GABRIEL field campaign

et al. 2007

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“…Annual emissions of CO from living, senescing and dead plant leaves are estimated to be about 0.1 Pg C (Tarr et al, 1995). There is both direct evidence of CO emission from vegetation, from enclosure measurements, and indirect evidence from atmospheric concentration distributions.…”

Section: Other Reactive Carbonmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The formation and emission of CO by live plant foliage is the result of direct photochemical transformation and occurs inside the leaf (Tarr et al, 1995). Organic carbon particles can be formed from the crystalline-like surface waxes that are present on many leaves.…”

Section: Production and Emission Pathwaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

The contribution of reactive carbon emissions from vegetation to the carbon balance of terrestrial ecosystems

2002

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“…Enclosure (MacDonald and Fall, 1993b;Janson et al, 1999) and above canopy eddy flux (Karl et al, 2002(Karl et al, , 2004Baker et al, 1999;Schade and Goldstein, 2001) studies have been used to establish the MEGAN2.1 acetone emission factors and response to light and temperature. The parameterizations of carbon monoxide (CO) emissions are based on relatively few observations described by Tarr et al (1995).…”

Section: Model Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Model of Emissions of Gases and Aerosols from Nature version 2.1 (MEGAN2.1): an extended and updated framework for modeling biogenic emissions

et al. 2012

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Abstract. The Model of Emissions of Gases and Aerosolsfrom Nature version 2.1 (MEGAN2.1) is a modeling framework for estimating fluxes of biogenic compounds between terrestrial ecosystems and the atmosphere using simple mechanistic algorithms to account for the major known processes controlling biogenic emissions. It is available as an offline code and has also been coupled into land surface and atmospheric chemistry models. MEGAN2.1 is an update from the previous versions including MEGAN2.0, which was described for isoprene emissions by Guenther et al. (2006) and MEGAN2.02, which was described for monoterpene and sesquiterpene emissions by Sakulyanontvittaya et al. (2008). Isoprene comprises about half of the total global biogenic volatile organic compound (BVOC) emission of 1 Pg (1000 Tg or 10 15 g) estimated using MEGAN2.1. Methanol, ethanol, acetaldehyde, acetone, α-pinene, β-pinene, t-β-ocimene, limonene, ethene, and propene together contribute another 30 % of the MEGAN2.1 estimated emission. An additional 20 compounds (mostly terpenoids) are associated with the MEGAN2.1 estimates of another 17 % of the total emission with the remaining 3 % distributed among >100 compounds. Emissions of 41 monoterpenes and 32 sesquiterpenes together comprise about 15 % and 3 %, respectively, of the estimated total global BVOC emission. Tropical trees cover about 18 % of the global land surface and are estimated to be responsible for ∼ 80 % of terpenoid emissions and ∼ 50 % of other VOC emissions. Other trees cover about the same area but are estimated to contribute only about 10 % of total emissions. The magnitude of the emissions estimated with MEGAN2.1 are within the range of estimates reported using other approaches and much of the differences between reported values can be attributed to land cover and meteorological driving variables. The offline version of MEGAN2.1 source code and driving variables is available from http://bai.acd.ucar.edu/MEGAN/ and the version integrated into the Community Land Model version 4 (CLM4) can be downloaded from http://www.cesm. ucar.edu/.

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Direct carbon monoxide photoproduction from plant matter

Cited by 111 publications

References 26 publications

Chemistry, transport and dry deposition of trace gases in the boundary layer over the tropical Atlantic Ocean and the Guyanas during the GABRIEL field campaign

Chemistry, transport and dry deposition of trace gases in the boundary layer over the tropical Atlantic Ocean and the Guyanas during the GABRIEL field campaign

The contribution of reactive carbon emissions from vegetation to the carbon balance of terrestrial ecosystems

The Model of Emissions of Gases and Aerosols from Nature version 2.1 (MEGAN2.1): an extended and updated framework for modeling biogenic emissions

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