Direct drug analysis from oral fluid using medical swab touch spray mass spectrometry

Pirro, Valentina; Jarmusch, Alan K.; Vincenti, Marco; Cooks, R. Graham

doi:10.1016/j.aca.2015.01.008

Cited by 70 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Alternative substrates can also be of interest due to ease and convenience of sampling, rather than improved analytical performance. Medical swabs, for example, have been used for direct detection of strep throat causing bacterium [70] and direct analysis of drugs of abuse in oral fluid [71].…”

Section: Other Solid Substratesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Biofluids by Paper Spray MS: Advances and Challenges

2016

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Paper spray mass spectrometry (MS) is part of a cohort of ambient ionization or direct analysis methods that seek to analyze complex samples without prior sample preparation. Extraction and electrospray ionization occur directly from the paper substrate upon which a dried matrix spot is stored. Paper spray MS is capable of detecting drugs directly from dried blood, plasma, and urine spots at the low ng/mL to pg/mL levels without sample preparation. No front end separation is performed, so tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) or high resolution MS is required. Here, we discuss paper spray methodology, give a comprehensive literature review of the use of paper spray MS for bioanalysis, discuss technological advancements and variations on this technique, and discuss some of its limitations. _________________________________________________________________________________ AbstractPaper spray mass spectrometry (MS) is part of a cohort of ambient ionization or direct analysis methods that seek to analyze complex samples without prior sample preparation. Extraction and electrospray ionization occur directly from the paper substrate upon which a dried matrix spot is stored. Paper spray MS is capable of detecting drugs directly from dried blood, plasma, and urine spots at the low ng/mL to pg/mL levels without sample preparation. No front end separation is performed, so tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) or high resolution MS is required. Here, we discuss paper spray methodology, give a comprehensive literature review of the use of paper spray MS for bioanalysis, discuss technological advancements and variations on this technique, and discuss some of its limitations.

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Section: Other Solid Substratesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Biofluids by Paper Spray MS: Advances and Challenges

2016

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“…Other applications include analysis of agrochemicals and contaminants in food [15][16][17], tissue analysis [18], surface swabbing [19,20], profiling of algae [21] and bacteria [22,23], cell culture monitoring [24], and herbicides [25] in water and crop extracts. In addition to applications development, methodological advancements have been reported for paper spray MS such as improving selectivity using differential mobility spectrometry prior to MS detection [26], improving sensitivity using solid phase extraction [27], the use of alternative porous substrates [7,[28][29][30], and using paper spray as an ionization source for microfluidics chips [31,32].…”

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confidence: 99%

Ionization Suppression and Recovery in Direct Biofluid Analysis Using Paper Spray Mass Spectrometry

Vega

Spence

Zhang

et al. 2016

J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom.

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Abstract. Paper spray mass spectrometry is a method for the direct analysis of biofluid samples in which extraction of analytes from dried biofluid spots and electrospray ionization occur from the paper on which the dried sample is stored. We examined matrix effects in the analysis of small molecule drugs from urine, plasma, and whole blood. The general method was to spike stable isotope labeled analogs of each analyte into the spray solvent, while the analyte itself was in the dried biofluid. Intensity of the labeled analog is proportional to ionization efficiency, whereas the ratio of the analyte intensity to the labeled analog in the spray solvent is proportional to recovery. Ion suppression and recovery were found to be compound-and matrix-dependent. Highest levels of ion suppression were obtained for poor ionizers (e.g., analytes lacking basic aliphatic amine groups) in urine and approached -90%. Ion suppression was much lower or even absent for good ionizers (analytes with aliphatic amines) in dried blood spots. Recovery was generally highest in urine and lowest in blood. We also examined the effect of two experimental parameters on ion suppression and recovery: the spray solvent and the sample position (how far away from the paper tip the dried sample was spotted). Finally, the change in ion suppression and analyte elution as a function of time was examined by carrying out a paper spray analysis of dried plasma spots for 5 min by continually replenishing the spray solvent.

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“…Spray ionization directly from tissue in the biopsy needle was shown to provide highly specific molecular information through MS analysis [20]. Medical swab touch spray MS [21] and woodentip electrospray ionization MS [22] were also used in direct drug analysis. Among these, paper spray (PS) method has been recognized as a characteristic atmospheric pressure ionization strategy for complex mixture analysis [23e25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%