Direct evidence for lip-lip interactions in multi-walled carbon nanotubes

Jin, Chuanhong; Suenaga, Kazu; Iijima, Sumio

doi:10.1007/s12274-008-8045-0

Cited by 17 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…1A), followed by Joule-heating of the graphene to high temperatures by applying a bias voltage of Ϸ2.5 V. Once a high current was passed through the graphene layers, its crystalline quality and surface cleanness were improved. (19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24). From this current density and the sublimation temperature of graphite in high vacuum (25), we estimated that the temperature in the Joule heated graphene is Ϸ2000°C, which is similar to the temperatures in Joule-heated carbon nanotubes (26).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 62%

In situ observation of graphene sublimation and multi-layer edge reconstructions

Huang

Ding

Yakobson

et al. 2009

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

245

236

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We induced sublimation of suspended few-layer graphene by in situ Joule-heating inside a transmission electron microscope. The graphene sublimation fronts consisted of mostly {1100} zigzag edges. Under appropriate conditions, a fractal-like ''coastline'' morphology was observed. Extensive multiple-layer reconstructions at the graphene edges led to the formation of unique carbon nanostructures, such as sp 2 -bonded bilayer edges (BLEs) and nanotubes connected to BLEs. Flat fullerenes/nanopods and nanotubes tunneling multiple layers of graphene sheets were also observed. Remarkably, >99% of the graphene edges observed during sublimation are BLEs rather than monolayer edges (MLEs), indicating that BLEs are the stable edges in graphene at high temperatures. We reproduced the ''coastline'' sublimation morphologies by kinetic Monte Carlo (kMC) simulations. The simulation revealed geometrical and topological features unique to quasi-2-dimensional (2D) graphene sublimation and reconstructions. These reconstructions were enabled by bending, which cannot occur in first-order phase transformations of 3D bulk materials. These results indicate that substrate of multiple-layer graphene can offer unique opportunities for tailoring carbon-based nanostructures and engineering novel nano-devices with complex topologies.flat fullerene ͉ fractal sublimation ͉ graphene bilayer edge ͉ in situ electron microscopy ͉ fractional nanotube

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 62%

In situ observation of graphene sublimation and multi-layer edge reconstructions

Huang

Ding

Yakobson

et al. 2009

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

245

236

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“…Although a layer-by-layer peeling phenomenon has been observed with carbon nanotubes subjected to only Joule heating or a combination of Joule heating and electron beam irradiation [15,21,22], it is difficult to image the peeling mechanism in nanotubes due to their curved tubular structure. Graphene offers the advantage that it is flat, and vacancy defects can be clearly imaged.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In situ imaging of layer-by-layer sublimation of suspended graphene

Huang

2010

Nano Res.

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An individual suspended graphene sheet was connected to a scanning tunneling microscopy probe inside a transmission electron microscope, and Joule heated to high temperatures. At high temperatures and under electron beam irradiation, the few-layer graphene sheets were removed layer-by-layer in the viewing area until a monolayer graphene was formed. The layer-by-layer peeling was initiated at vacancies in individual graphene layers. The vacancies expanded to form nanometer-sized holes, which then grew along the perimeter and propagated to both the top and bottom layers of a bilayer graphene joined by a bilayer edge. The layer-by-layer peeling was induced by atom sublimation caused by Joule heating and facilitated by atom displacement caused by high-energy electron irradiation, and may be harnessed to control the layer thickness of graphene for device applications.

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“…Different optical properties and dopant location [ 101 ] in alloy, NCs were investigated by many groups. [ 102 ] The doping Au 25 (SR) 18 with a single palladium atom will increase the NCs stability [ 103 ] and catalytic activity, [ 104 ] while doping with silver continuously changes the electronic structure and PL properties of the NCs. Furthermore, doping with Cr, Mg, or Fe atoms has been predicted to make the NCs paramagnetic.…”

Section: Other Metallic Nanoclusters (Ag Cu Pt and Alloy)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluorescent Metallic Nanoclusters: Electron Dynamics, Structure, and Applications

Wen

Toh

et al. 2014

Part. Part. Syst. Charact.

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Atomically precise Au nanoclusters (NCs) have emerged as fascinating fluorescent nanomaterials and attracted considerable research interest in both fundamental research and practical applications. Due to enhanced quantum confinement, they possess extraordinary optical, electronic, and magnetic properties and therefore are very promising for a wide range of applications, including biosensing, bioimaging, catalysis, photonics, and molecular electronics. Remarkable progress has been reported for the fundamental understanding, synthesis techniques, and applications. In this review, the updated advances are summarized in Au NCs, including synthesis techniques, optical properties, and applications. In particular, we focus on the optical properties and electron dynamic processes. In addition, the progress in other noble metallic NCs is included in this Review, such as Ag, Cu, Pt, and alloy, which have attracted much research interest recently. Finally, an outlook is presented for such fascinating nanomaterials in both aspects of future fundamental research and potential applications.

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Direct evidence for lip-lip interactions in multi-walled carbon nanotubes

Cited by 17 publications

References 14 publications

In situ observation of graphene sublimation and multi-layer edge reconstructions

In situ observation of graphene sublimation and multi-layer edge reconstructions

In situ imaging of layer-by-layer sublimation of suspended graphene

Fluorescent Metallic Nanoclusters: Electron Dynamics, Structure, and Applications

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