Direct Graphene Synthesis on Lithium Niobate Substrate by Carbon Ion Implantation

The Thermal and Electronic Properties of the Lateral Janus MoSSe/WSSe Heterostructure

“…After graphene was discovered (Geim and Novoselov, 2010), it has frequently demonstrated some novel properties due to its very special monolayer structure (Butler et al, 2013;Kim et al, 2015;Xu et al, 2015;Wei et al, 2016;Gao et al, 2017;Zaminpayma et al, 2017;Zhang et al, 2018;Zhou et al, 2018;Sun and Schwingenschlögl, 2021a), which has attracted tremendous investigations to explore the other excellent characteristics and applications of two-dimensional (2D) materials (Li et al, 2014;Li et al, 2019;Li et al, 2021;Vahedi Fakhrabad et al, 2015;Keyte et al, 2019;Xu et al, 2020;Ren et al, 2021a;Ren et al, 2021b;. For instance, biphenylene, a graphene-like material, was prepared, which is metallic, instead of dielectric (Fan et al, 2021).…”

Direct graphene synthesis on LiNbO3 substrate by C implantation on Cu covering layer

“…In contrast to these studies, our group has attempted to obtain composite structures of graphene/LiNbO 3 using ion implantation. We reported the direct synthesis of graphene on the surface of LiNbO 3 in 2020 by annealing a post-carbon-implantation sample made up of a surface metal Ni coating and a LiNbO 3 substrate [36]. This method, which is compatible with conventional integration processes, not only provides a way for transfer-free synthesis of graphene to avoid graphene degradation, but also suggests the possibility of engineering twodimensional graphene with special confinement by patterned metal film, which is often emphasized in photoelectric crystals like LiNbO 3 .…”

Thermodynamic Study of Adsorption Capacity between Metal Film and Optical Crystal: Adsorption Energy of Ni Films on LiNbO3 Substrates

“…Direct synthesis of graphene on LiNbO 3 has not been reported except by our research group [32,33]. In 2020, we reported the direct synthesis of graphene on the surface of LiNbO 3 by annealing a post-carbon-implantation sample consisting of surface metal Ni film and LiNbO 3 substrate [33].…”

“…Direct synthesis of graphene on LiNbO 3 has not been reported except by our research group [32,33]. In 2020, we reported the direct synthesis of graphene on the surface of LiNbO 3 by annealing a post-carbon-implantation sample consisting of surface metal Ni film and LiNbO 3 substrate [33]. The transfer-free synthesis of graphene on LiNbO 3 substrate avoids the additional graphene degradation and, more importantly, substrate combined with a patterned metal film suggests the possibility of engineering two-dimensional graphene with special confinement, which is often emphasized in photoelectric crystals such as LiNbO 3 .…”

“…The transfer-free synthesis of graphene on LiNbO 3 substrate avoids the additional graphene degradation and, more importantly, substrate combined with a patterned metal film suggests the possibility of engineering two-dimensional graphene with special confinement, which is often emphasized in photoelectric crystals such as LiNbO 3 . Unfortunately, in the first attempt, the graphene formed on LiNbO 3 is unevenly distributed and contains a variety of structures, such as multilayer or turbostratic graphene and even amorphous carbon [33]. There may be multiple reasons for this result; however, the extremely poor distribution of the Ni film deposited on the LiNbO 3 surface is the most direct cause of this result.…”