Direct, High‐Yield Conversion of Cellulose into Biofuel

Abstract

Furane für den Motor: Cellulose lässt sich in zuvor unerreichten Ausbeuten in Furanbiokraftstoffe umwandeln. Dabei kommt ein einfaches, billiges Verfahren mit zeitgleicher Hydrolyse, Dehydrierung und Chlorsubstitution in Kombination mit fortlaufender Extraktion in eine organische Phase zum Einsatz (siehe Schema). Furanether, wie sie aus den gezeigten Produkten erhalten werden können, sind bekannte Dieselzusatzstoffe.

Fermentable sugars by chemical hydrolysis of biomass

“…Le Chatelier's principle (46) tells us that water disfavors dehydrative reactions, such as glucose oligomerization and conversion into HMF. Additionally, the highly nucleophilic chloride anions of [EMIM]Cl coordinate strongly to carbohydrates (47,48), accelerating acid-catalyzed dehydration reactions (49). High concentrations of water solvate chloride and thus distract it from interacting with carbohydrates.…”

Targeted chemical upgrading of lignocellulosic biomass to platform molecules

“…HMF was converted to EMF when ethanol was added to the system. Mascal et al 153,154 proposed an approach for conversion of lignocellulosic biomass to produce an intermediate product, 5-hydroxychloromethylfurfural (CMF). The chloro functionality can then be replaced to yield various products including HMF, levulinic acid, or ethyl levulinate.…”

Production of Biofuels from Cellulose of Woody Biomass

“…Subsequently, the products should be extracted with 1,2-dichloroethane. This process yielded 71% CMF in one study [133]. The CMF was then converted to DMF and 5-ethoxymethylfurfural.…”

“…The CMF was then converted to DMF and 5-ethoxymethylfurfural. This process yielded 84% isolated DMF, but the presence of LiCl is considered as one drawback of this system [133]. Alternatively, the CMF was converted to ethoxymethylfurfural (EMF) via stirring in ethanol solution.…”