Direct Observation of Field Emission Sites in a Single Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube by Lorenz Microscopy

Fujieda, Tadashi; Hidaka, Kumi; Hayashibara, M.; Kamino, Takeo; Ose, Yoichi; Abe, Hidekazu; Shimizu, Togo; Tokumoto, Hiroshi

doi:10.1143/jjap.44.1661

Cited by 18 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…buckyball), SWCNT, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) image of chemical vapor deposition (CVD) grown array of MWCNT towers, and an important example of CNT-based application in electronic systems as a channel in a FET. The newly emerging CNT technology has been implemented in many new promising applications (Al-Rabadi, 2007, 2009aAmaratunga, 2003;Bonard et al, 2002;Cheng et al, 2004;Collins and Avouris, 2000;Collins et al, 2001;Derycke et al, 2001;Drexler, 1986;Fujieda et al, 2005;Jiao et al, 2003;Likharev, 2003;Tomanek et al, 2002). These applications include TVs that are based on the field emission of CNTs that consume much less power, are thinner, and have much higher resolution than the best plasmabased TVs available; nanocircuits based on CNTs such as CNT-based FETs that consume less power and are much faster than the available silicon-based FETs; carbon nanocoils that can be used as inductors in nanofilters and as nanosprings in nano dynamic systems; and CNT rings.…”

Section: Cnts Characteristics and Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parallel processing via carbon field emission-based controlled switching of regular bijective nano systolic networks, part 1: basics

Al‐Rabadi

2016

IJICC

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Purpose -The purpose of this paper is to introduce new implementations for parallel processing applications using bijective systolic networks and the corresponding carbon-based field emission controlled switching. The developed implementations are performed in the reversible domain to perform the required bijective parallel computing, where the implementations for parallel computations that utilize the presented field-emission controlled switching and their corresponding m-ary (many-valued) extensions for the use in nano systolic networks are introduced. The first part of the paper presents important fundamentals with regards to systolic computing and carbon-based field emission that will be utilized in the implementations within the second part of the paper. Design/methodology/approach -The introduced systolic systems utilize recent findings in field emission and nano applications to implement the functionality of the basic bijective systolic network. This includes many-valued systolic computing via field emission techniques using carbon-based nanotubes and nanotips. The realization of bijective logic circuits in current and emerging technologies can be very important for various reasons. The reduction of power consumption is a major requirement for the circuit design in future technologies, and thus, the new nano systolic circuits can play an important role in the design of circuits that consume minimal power for future applications such as in low-power signal processing. In addition, the implemented bijective systems can be utilized to implement massive parallel processing and thus obtaining very high processing performance, where the implementation will also utilize the significant size reduction within the nano domain. The extensions of implementations to field emission-based many-valued systolic networks using the introduced bijective nano systolic architectures are also presented. Findings -Novel bijective systolic architectures using nano-based field emission implementations are introduced in this paper, and the implementation using the general scheme of many-valued computing is presented. The carbon-based field emission implementation of nano systolic networks is also introduced. This is accomplished using the introduced field emission carbon-based devices, where field emission from carbon nanotubes and nano-apex carbon fibers is utilized. The implementations of the many-valued bijective systolic networks utilizing the introduced nano-based architectures are also presented. Originality/value -The introduced bijective systolic implementations form new important directions in the systolic realizations using the newly emerging nano-based technologies. The 2-to-1 multiplexer is a basic building block in "switch logic," where in switch logic, a logic circuit is realized as a combination of switches rather than a combination of logic gates as in the gate logic, which proves to be less costly in synthesizing multiplexer-based wide variety of modern circuits and systems since nano implementations exist in very c...

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Section: Cnts Characteristics and Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parallel processing via carbon field emission-based controlled switching of regular bijective nano systolic networks, part 1: basics

Al‐Rabadi

2016

IJICC

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“…This could be attributed by changes in the morphology of the tip due to the process of field emission. It has been reported that during field emission the outer carbon rings of the CNT can become detached [37]. This would cause a sudden increase in the sharpness of the tip and thus create additional field enhancement.…”

Section: A Electrostatic Calculationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heat Transfer Within Carbon Nanotubes During Elecron Field Emission

Sanchez

Mengüç

Hii

et al. 2008

Journal of Thermophysics and Heat Transfer

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In this paper, we present a methodology to simulate heat transfer within an isolated carbon nanotube attached to an etched tungsten tip during field emission of an electron beam. The simulations predict the field enhancement, emission current, temperature of the carbon nanotube, and distribution of electrons arriving on a target surface. The method integrates electrostatic and transient thermal finite element analyses with algorithms for modeling the field emission (based on Fowler-Nordheim approximation), heating/cooling due to emitting energetic electrons (Nottingham effect), and computation of electron trajectories. Results are presented for the axisymmetric case of an open-ended carbon nanotube separated by a 13:43-m-gap distance from a flat surface, with voltages ranging between 65 and 145 V. Results suggest that heating of the carbon nanotube is due to the combined Nottingham effect and Joule heating when the current is below about 0.1 pA and that it is solely due to Joule heating for higher currents. Comparisons with the experimental data show very good agreement for the case studied. Nomenclature A c = area of cross section C P = specific heat d = exponential function e = electron charge F = electric field F ij = shape view factor h r = radiative coefficient I = total field emission current k = thermal conductivity k B = Boltzmann constant J = field emission current density J i = radiosity at node i J 0 = field emission current density at 0 K L = length m = constant m e = electron mass P = perimeter p = dimensionless constant Q 000 = Joule heating q N = Nottingham effect q W = heat flux dissipated toward tungsten R = electrical resistance r i = vector position of electron i r ij = vector distance between electron i and j T = temperature T I = inversion temperature ty = elliptical function V = applied voltage -V = volume vy = elliptical function y = elliptical function " = emissivity " r = relative permittivity " 0 = permittivity of the vacuum = field amplification factor = material density e = charge density elec = electrical resistivity = Stephan-Boltzmann constant = electron work function

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“…In this article, the utilization of Carbon field emissionbased devices that realize a basic building block in modern synthesis known as the controlled switch [2,32] is presented, and the use of the presented Carbon field emission-based devices in three-valued 3D computations is also shown for the widely-utilized case of ternary Galois logic. In this new realization, the applied Carbon field-emission is obtained using carbon-based nanotubes [19,27] and carbonbased fiber nano-apex tips [11 -12, 25]. This article introduces concurrent processing using field emission-based lattice systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Untitled

2020

IJCSIT

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New implementations for concurrent computing applications of 3D networks using corresponding nano and field-emission controlled-switching components are introduced. The developed implementations are performed within 3D lattice-based systems to perform the required concurrent computing. The introduced 3D systems utilize recent findings in field-emission and nano applications to implement the function of the basic 3D lattice networks using nano controlled-switching. This includes ternary lattice computing via carbon nanotubes and carbon field-emission techniques. The presented realization of lattice networks can be important for several reasons including the reduction of power consumption, which is an important specification for the system design in several future and emerging technologies, and in achieving high performance and reliability realizations. The introduced implementations for 3D lattice computations, with 2D lattice networks as a special case, are also important for the design within modern technologies that require optimal design specifications of high speed, high regularity and ease-of-manufacturability, such as in highly-reliable error-correcting signal processing applications.

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Direct Observation of Field Emission Sites in a Single Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube by Lorenz Microscopy

Cited by 18 publications

References 9 publications

Parallel processing via carbon field emission-based controlled switching of regular bijective nano systolic networks, part 1: basics

Parallel processing via carbon field emission-based controlled switching of regular bijective nano systolic networks, part 1: basics

Heat Transfer Within Carbon Nanotubes During Elecron Field Emission

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