Direct observation of layered structures at ionic liquid/solid interfaces by using frequency-modulation atomic force microscopy

Yokota, Yasuyuki; Harada, Tomohiro; Fukui, Ken–ichi

doi:10.1039/c0cc02643c

Cited by 134 publications

(151 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…[19][20][21][22]. Similar multilayered interfacial structures in ionic liquids have also been found in a number of Molecular Dynamics (MD) studies that have used different simulation methods (force fields and simulation conditions), ionic liquid models (coarse-grained and atomistic) as well as electrode models (carbon material, structure-less charged surface, metal, etc).…”

Section: Molecular-scale Interfacial Structure In Ionic Liquidsmentioning

confidence: 74%

Interfaces between Charged Surfaces and Ionic Liquids: Insights from Molecular Simulations

Ivaništšev

Fedorov

2014

Interface magazine

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MD simulations of ionic liquid–electrode interfaces show that a transition from a multilayer ion structure to an ordered monolayer structure can be observed at certain values of the surface charge density. Upon this transition, a distinct change in the surface charge excess in the first two interfacial layers can be seen as a function of the renormalized surface charge density. The degree of ordering in the innermost ion layer increases upon increasing the surface charge density, while the transition region exhibits systematic transformations upon surface charging. The point of maximum layering in the transition region depends on the density of the ionic liquid as well as on the ion-ion and ion–electrode interactions. We suggest that the surface charge densities that correspond κIon≈1 (and consequently to the regime of monolayer formation) can be used as “landmark” points for qualitative and quantitative comparison of theoretical, simulations and experimental data on ionic liquids structure at charged surfaces

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Section: Molecular-scale Interfacial Structure In Ionic Liquidsmentioning

confidence: 74%

Interfaces between Charged Surfaces and Ionic Liquids: Insights from Molecular Simulations

Ivaništšev

Fedorov

2014

Interface magazine

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“…IL surface properties have been investigated by numerous surface-sensitive spectroscopic techniques and scattering methods. Initially, these studies were mainly restricted to methods that can be applied under ambient conditions, such as sum-frequency generation (SFG) [100,[109][110][111][112][113][114][115][116], X-ray reflectivity and neutron reflectometry [112,[117][118][119][120][121], grazing incidence X-ray diffraction [122], atomic force microscopy (AFM) [104,[123][124][125][126][127][128][129][130][131][132][133][134] and surface force balance (SFB) [135][136][137]. In 2005, it was realized that the surface properties of ILs can also be investigated using the well-developed techniques of ''classical'' surface science.…”

Section: Molecular Insights Into Il/gas and Il/support Interfacesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ionic Liquids in Catalysis

2014

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Ionic liquids (ILs), salts with melting points below 100°C, represent a fascinating class of liquid materials typically characterized by an extremely low vapor pressure. Besides their application as new solvents or as electrolytes for electrochemical purposes, there are two important concepts of using ILs in catalysis: Liquid-liquid biphasic catalysis and IL thin film catalysis. Liquid-liquid biphasic catalysis enables either a very efficient manner to apply catalytic ILs, e.g. in Friedel-Crafts reactions, or to apply ionic transition metal catalyst solutions. In both cases, phase separation after reaction allows an easy separation of reaction products and catalyst re-use. One problem of liquidliquid biphasic catalysis is mass transfer limitation. If the chemical reaction is much faster than the liquid-liquid mass transfer the latter limits the overall reaction rate. This problem is overcome in IL thin film catalysis where diffusion pathways and thus the characteristic time of diffusion are short. Here, Supported Ionic Liquid Phase (SILP) and Solid Catalyst with Ionic Liquid Layer (SCILL) are the two most important concepts. In both, a high surface area solid substrate is covered with a thin IL film, which contains either a homogeneously dissolved transition metal complex for SILP, or which modifies catalytically active surface sites at the support for SCILL. In each concept, interface phenomena play a very important role: These may concern the interface of an IL phase with an organic phase in the case of liquidliquid biphasic catalysis. For IL thin film catalysis, the interfaces of the IL with the gas phase and with catalytic nanoparticles and/or support materials are of critical importance. It has recently been demonstrated that these interfaces and also the bulk of ILs can be investigated in great detail using surface science studies, which greatly contributed to the fundamental understanding of the catalytic properties of ILs and supported IL materials. Exemplary results concerning the IL/vacuum or IL/gas interface, the solubility and surface enrichment of dissolved metal complexes, the IL/support interface and the in situ monitoring of chemical reactions in ILs are presented.

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“…13 The structure in question is the out-of-plane structure of the ionic liquid around the interface. Experimental studies of interfacial structures have been performed using various methods, including spectroscopic techniques, 14,15 scanning probe microscopy, [16][17][18] and x-ray reflectometry. 19 Most of these techniques observe in-plane structure or are sensitive to the first ionic layer only.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

External electric field dependence of the structure of the electric double layer at an ionic liquid/Au interface

et al. 2012

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Direct observation of layered structures at ionic liquid/solid interfaces by using frequency-modulation atomic force microscopy

Cited by 134 publications

References 28 publications

Interfaces between Charged Surfaces and Ionic Liquids: Insights from Molecular Simulations

Interfaces between Charged Surfaces and Ionic Liquids: Insights from Molecular Simulations

Ionic Liquids in Catalysis

External electric field dependence of the structure of the electric double layer at an ionic liquid/Au interface

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